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The French Revolution

Explore the transition from absolute monarchy to republic, the impact of Enlightenment ideas, and the transformation of France and Europe during the French Revolution.

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The French Revolution

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  1. The French Revolution • Transition from Absolute Monarchy to Republic • Marks the Death of Feudalism • Enlightenment Ideas In Action • Sent Shock Waves Around the World • Transformed Europe as well as France

  2. Ancien Régime • 1700’s France was seen as the most advanced country in Europe • Had a large population & prosperous foreign trade • Social & political system in place was the Old Regime • Characterized by Absolute Monarchy & lingering Feudalism

  3. To Recap: • Both Feudalism & Absolute Monarchy • Feudalism: • system of reciprocal relationships between Kings & nobles • 1780s in France: Feudal countryside • Absolute Monarchy: • Centralized Authority • Stranglehold on the Nobility • Very Costly!!!

  4. Social Classes of the Ancien Régime

  5. 1st Estate: Clergy

  6. 2nd Estate: Nobility

  7. Third Estate

  8. Causes of the Revolution • The 3rd Estate is increasingly resentful • The Enlightenment ideas of individual freedom & equality spread through France • Economic Troubles • Previous debt from Louis XIV still not paid off • Heavy taxes made it impossible to make a profit • Crop failures • Louis XVI (16th) is a weak leader

  9. Louis XVI

  10. Estates-General Meeting May 1789

  11. Tennis Court Oath

  12. Storming the Bastille

  13. The Great FearJuly 1789

  14. Women March on Versailles

  15. The Old Regime is Dead • August 4th, 1789: National Assembly declares the end of Feudalism: • “The National Assembly abolishes the feudal system entirely… any kind of tithes and fees… are abolished… Financial, personal, or real privileges are abolished forever…” • Civil Constitution of the Clergy • Church officials become state employees • Sell Church land • Splits the 3rd Estate & Church: bourgeoisie vs. peasant

  16. Declaration of Rights of Man27 August 1789 • Full of Enlightenment Ideas!!! • Guarantees many basic rights: • Property, liberty, security, speech, religion • Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité!!! • Caveat: these rights did not apply to women • Olympe de Gouges published a Declaration of the Rights of Women • her ideas were rejected • Seen as an enemy of the Revolution

  17. OLD & gone: Feudalism Slavery Nobles’ titles Independent Church Absolute Monarchy NEW: Jews given citizenship Loyalty Oath Divorce legalized Trade unions & guilds banned Constitution Currency: assignat 1st Republic Out with the Old, In with the New

  18. La Nuit de Varennes

  19. Constitutional Monarchy • 1 October 1791 a new Constitution approved by Louis XVI • 1791 Constitution establishes • Constitutional Monarchy • Legislative Assembly

  20. Political Spectrum Participants in French Revolution  

  21. France at War • 1792 - Legislative Assembly declares war on Austria • Mob invades the Tuileries Palace • kills guards & imprisons the Royal Family • September Massacres: • Fear Monarchists take over • Raid prisons & murder over 1000 royalists

  22. The Sansculottes • Parisian workers & small shopkeepers • They want the Revolution to bring even greater changes • Sans-culottes ally with Radicals in the Legislative Assembly

  23. Jacobins

  24. The End of the Monarchy

  25. First French Republic:A Republic of Virtue

  26. The Reign of Terror

  27. Death of Marat

  28. Execution of Robespierre

  29. After the Terror • National Convention drafts another constitution • Creates Directory: • bicameral legislature & executive • moderates, not revolutionaries • Corrupt

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