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32-2: Comparison of Invertebrates + Vertebrates

32-2: Comparison of Invertebrates + Vertebrates. Invertebrate characteristics. Symmetry Radial or bilateral Aquatic – radial; Terrestrial – bilateral Most animals display bilateral for motility + sensory functioning (i.e. a BRAIN ) Segmentation

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32-2: Comparison of Invertebrates + Vertebrates

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  1. 32-2: Comparison of Invertebrates + Vertebrates

  2. Invertebrate characteristics • Symmetry • Radial or bilateral • Aquatic– radial; Terrestrial– bilateral • Most animals display bilateral for motility + sensory functioning (i.e. a BRAIN) • Segmentation • A body composed of a series of repeating similar units • Simple (earthworm) to complex (Arthropods)

  3. Symmetry Segmentation Let’s look at these two…

  4. Invertebrate characteristics • Support of the body • Simple skeletons • Ex. Sponges • Pressure fluid-filled cavity • Ex. Roundworms • Exoskeleton – rigid outer covering • Ex. Lobster + clam

  5. Invertebrate characteristics • Respiratory + Circulatory Systems • Gas exchange – CO2 + O2 in blood • Circulatory system – moves blood or fluid (hemolymph) through body to transport nutrients or O2 to cells • Types of circulatory systems: • Diffusion – Ex. Sponges + Cnidarians • Open – bloodlike fluid pumped from vessels into body cavity, then pumped back; Ex. Grasshopper • Closed – blood circulates through body in tubular vessels; Ex. Earthworm

  6. Respiratory Circulatory Let’s look at these two…

  7. Invertebrate characteristics • Digestive + Excretory systems • Digestion • Sponges –occurs in individual cells • Cnidarians – central chamber • Most others have a digestive tract (gut) to breakdown food to absorb nutrients • Excretion – removal of wastes • Aquatic – wastes are excreted as dissolved ammonia (NH3) • Terrestrial – wastes are filtered before removed; water gets reabsorbed

  8. Digestive Excretory Let’s look at these two…

  9. Invertebrate characteristics • Nervous System • Sponges • No neurons – nerve cells • Individual cells can react to external stimuli • Most other organisms may have some sort of cephalization

  10. Invertebrate characteristics • Reproduction + Development • Capable of both sexual + asexual • Some are hermaphrodites • Organism that produces both male + female gametes • Ex. Earthworm • Indirect development • Larval stage - change of appearances • Direct development • No larval stage • Animal is born or hatched – no change in appearance

  11. Indirect Direct Let’s look at these two…

  12. Vertebrate characteristics • All vertebrate classes, except fish, spend part or all of their life on land • Categories for terrestrial adaptations: • Support of body • Conservation of water

  13. Vertebrate Characteristics – highlights • Have the following: • Body support – endoskeletons (backbone/vertebrae) • Body covering – integument • Gas exchange – lungs/gills • Circulatory - multichambered heart • Digestive – gut (mouth to anus) = 23 ft long in humans • Excretory – kidneys • Nervous – highly organized brains • Reproduction – fertilization of egg (zygote) • Development – direct development, except amphibians

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