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Invertebrates

Invertebrates. Importance . 95-99% of all species Pollination Recycling Food in many cultures Food webs Maintenance of ecological communities. E.O. Wilson. “If human beings were not so impressed by size alone, they would consider an ant more wonderful than a rhinoceros.”. Basics.

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Invertebrates

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  1. Invertebrates

  2. Importance • 95-99% of all species • Pollination • Recycling • Food in many cultures • Food webs • Maintenance of ecological communities

  3. E.O. Wilson “If human beings were not so impressed by size alone, they would consider an ant more wonderful than a rhinoceros.”

  4. Basics • Aquatic vs. Terrestrial • Arboreal, aerial • Anatomical Definitions • Hemolymph, exoskeleton, hydrostatic skeleton • Reproductive terms • Dioecious, hermaphroditic, parthenogenesis

  5. Ctenophora “Comb Jellies” • Marine waters • Carnivorous Diet • Water requirements dependent on species • Most are hermaphroditic

  6. Phylogeny

  7. Porifera “Sponges” • Primarily Marine; sessile • Water requirements dependent on species • Unique feeding system; tiny pores; water flow necessary • Reproduce by both sexual and asexual means

  8. Phylogeny

  9. Cnidaria Anemones Jellyfish • Radial symmetry,Hydrostatic skeleton, Dimorphic development • Can sting! Coral

  10. Anemones • Marine • Most capture animal prey; zooanthellae • Variable but specific temperature requirements dependent upon species • Asexual reproduction • Interspecific Aggression

  11. Jellyfish • Marine • Predators – have stingers! • Sexual reproduction • Lots of species variability

  12. Coral • Marine • Zooxanthellae; Most capture animal prey • Sexual & Asexual Reproduction • Can exhibit contact inhibition and interspecific aggression in the tank • HermatypicvsAhermatypic

  13. Phylogeny

  14. Echinoderms • Marine • Water quality important- toxicity problems • Diet is largely dependent on species • Asexual & sexual reproduction dependent on species • Water vascular system locomotion, gripping, feeding http://www.studentreader.com/files/purplestarfishonrocks.jpg

  15. Phylogeny

  16. Sea Squirts • Sessile, marine • Herbivorous diet • Sexual or Asexual reproduction • 90% of all urochordates http://www.lancashiremcs.org.uk/gallery/pics/sea-squirt.jpg

  17. Gastropods • Marine & freshwater • Sessile and mobile • Filter feeders • Substrate • Dioecious or hermaphroditic http://jrscience.wcp.muohio.edu/photos/SeagrassMolluscs.jpeg

  18. Cephalopods • Marine Aquatic • Varied diet • Active hunters • Dioecious http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/images/olc/nautilusj.baecker_berlin_zoo_aquarium_pd600.jpg

  19. Phylogeny

  20. Pogonophora & Vestimentifera • Deep sea dwelling worms! • Often grouped together www.ucmp.berkeley.edu www.nsf.gov

  21. Phylogeny

  22. Annelids • Aquatic and terrestrial • Varied diet and feeding strategies • Sexual reproduction; dioecious • Biomedical & ecological importance http://www.education.umd.edu/blt/pic/Annelids.jpg

  23. Phylogeny

  24. Rotifers • Most freshwater but some marine and terrestrial • Omnivores • Parthenogenic or dioecious

  25. Phylogeny

  26. Flatworms (Turbellarians) • Mostly Aquatic • Varied diet • Commensal and parasitic • Varied reproduction http://www.dhadm.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/03/flatworm02.jpg

  27. Nematodes • Aquatic & Marine • Varied diet • Mostly parasitic • Dieocious or parthenogenic http://soils.usda.gov/sqi/concepts/soil_biology/images/large_todes_LR.jpg

  28. Phylogeny

  29. Tardigrades • Marine, freshwater & terrestrial • “Water bears” • Cryptobiosis http://www.uea.ac.uk/~b444219/images/TNWP_Echiniscus%20madonnae%20(SEM).jpg

  30. Phylogeny

  31. Onychophora • Tropical, terrestrial • Velvet worms or walking worms • Prey on smaller arthropods

  32. Phylogeny

  33. Crustaceans • Terrestrial and Aquatic • Diet dependent on species • Dieocious • Economic importance www.britannica.com/eb/art/print?id=104965

  34. Phylogeny

  35. Insects • Predominantly terrestrial • Varied Diet • Reproduction • Social Systems • Economical & Ecological Importance

  36. Phylogeny

  37. Myriapods • Terrestrial • Diet dependent on species • Well defined environmental requirements • Dieocious; some parthenogenic

  38. Myriapods Millipedes • Mostly herbivorous • Two pairs per body segment • Non-aggressive; slow • Easy to handle Centipedes • Mostly carnivorous • One pair of legs per body segment • Aggressive; fast! • Extremely hard to handle; venomous http://cordially.narod.ru/album/insect/images/home-centipede.jpg http://www.garden-city.org/zoo/animalinfo/images/milipede_76pic.jpg

  39. Phylogeny

  40. Horseshoe Crabs • Marine, Aquatic • Captive diet • Various habitats • Dieocious • Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) extracted from hemolymph- Pharmaceutical use http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/33-28-HorseshoeCrabs.jpg

  41. Phylogeny SPIDERS!

  42. Arachnids

  43. Scorpions • Terrestrial • Carnivorous • Environment: mostly desert • Sexual reproduction

  44. Spiders • Aquatic & terrestrial • Carnivores • Diverse Environments • Sexual Reproduction • Silk!

  45. Terrestrial Spiders • Arboreal vs. Non-arboreal

  46. Aquatic Spiders • Underwater “air bells”

  47. Silk • Made of Amino Acids • Very stable • Very Strong • Genetic Isolation • Production • Application

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