Chapter 20: Criminal and Juvenile Justice

1. Chapter 20: Criminal and Juvenile Justice Civics: Government and Economics in Action

2. Chapter Links Section 1 “Crime in American Society” Section 2 “The Criminal Justice System” Section 3 “The Juvenile Justice System” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

3. Section 1 “Crime in American Society” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

4. The Problem of Crime • Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) Statistics, 2000 • More than 10 million property crimes • Nearly 1.5 million violent crimes • There is generally more crime in urban areas • There is more crime in poor neighborhoods • Crime makes people afraid Civics: Government and Economics in Action

5. The Types of Crimes • Crimes against people • Acts that threaten, hurt, or end a person’s life • Assault: placing someone in fear without actual physical contact • Battery: placing someone in fear with physical contact • Crimes against property • Crimes against property; mostly stealing • Burglary: the illegal breaking into a building • Arson, Vandalism, Robbery, and Larceny Civics: Government and Economics in Action

6. The Types of Crimes (cont.) • White-collar crime • Non-violent crimes, often committed by office workers for business or financial gain • Embezzlement: stealing money that has been entrusted to your care • Victimless crimes • Examples: drug use, or gambling. • Crimes against the government • Treason: betrayal of one’s country • Terrorism: use of violence in order to get what they want from the government or society Civics: Government and Economics in Action

7. The Causes of Crime • Poverty • Social Change and Changing Values • Poor Parenting • Drug Abuse • Permissive Courts • Not Enough Money for Police • Violence in the Media • THERE IS NO SINGLE CAUSE! Civics: Government and Economics in Action

8. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

9. 2010 Crime Statistics Civics: Government and Economics in Action

10. Crime Prevention • Choose a crime or cause of crime • Create a poster advertising the prevention of this crime or cause • Work with 1 partner • Your group will turn in an illustration and 1 paragraph explaining the advertisement Civics: Government and Economics in Action

11. Section 2 “The Criminal Justice System” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

12. The Arrest and Pretrial Process • The Arrest • Probable Cause: good reason to believe that a suspect has been involved in a crime. • Warrant: a legal paper, issued by a court, giving permission to make an arrest, seizure, or search. • The Preliminary Hearing • Before there is a trial, the prosecutor must show a judge that there is enough evidence to go ahead with the case. • Bail is set Civics: Government and Economics in Action

13. The Arrest and Pretrial Process (cont.) • Grand Jury • Indictment: a formal charge against the accused • Arraignment: a court hearing in which the defendant is formally charged with a crime, and enters a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest. • Usually deals with more serious crimes • Pretrial Motions • Usually concerns evidence that may be used • Plea Bargaining • Agreeing to plead guilty in exchange for a lesser charge or a lighter sentence. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

14. Going to Trial • Jury Selection • Citizens are called to serve on juries • Must decide if the defendant is innocent or guilty • The Trial • The defendant has the right to a speedy and public trial. Defendants are also entitled to a lawyer. • Witnesses may be called by the defense or prosecution attorneys. • Sentencing • The judge selects a sentence between the maximum and minimum for that crime. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

15. Correctional Institutions • Convicts enter the corrections system • This term is meant to imply that the system will “correct” the criminal, teaching him not to commit said crime again. • Parole • Letting an inmate go free to serve the rest of his or her sentence outside of a prison. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

16. Proposals for Fighting Crime • Preventing Crime • “Neighborhood Watch” and more police to patrol • Being Tougher on Criminals • Mandatory sentences and capital punishment (death-penalty) • Rehabilitation • Trying to teach inmates to live productive lives when they are released Civics: Government and Economics in Action

17. Section 3 “The Juvenile Justice System” Civics: Government and Economics in Action

18. Juvenile Courts • Juvenile Courts • Established in Illinois, 1899 • Courts set aside for young people • Delinquent: a juvenile found guilty of a crime • Status Offender: a youth who is found guilty with running away, truancy, or disobedience. Civics: Government and Economics in Action

19. Juvenile Court Procedure • Arrest and Intake • The Initial Hearing • The Adjudicatory Hearing • Takes the place of a trial • The Dispositional Hearing • Judge decides on a sentence • Aftercare • Each youth is assigned a parole officer Civics: Government and Economics in Action

20. Strengthening Juvenile Justice • Community Based Programs • Diversion Programs • Preventing Juvenile Crime Civics: Government and Economics in Action