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ELECTRIC CIRCUITS ECSE-2010 Spring 2003 Class 4

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS ECSE-2010 Spring 2003 Class 4. ASSIGNMENTS DUE. Today (Tuesday/Wednesday): HW #1 Due Activities 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 (In Class) 4-2 in NOT in your Supplement Thursday: Activities 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 (In Class) Next Monday: HW #2 Due Experiment #1 Report Due

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ELECTRIC CIRCUITS ECSE-2010 Spring 2003 Class 4

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  1. ELECTRIC CIRCUITSECSE-2010Spring 2003Class 4

  2. ASSIGNMENTS DUE • Today (Tuesday/Wednesday): • HW #1 Due • Activities 4-1, 4-2, 4-3 (In Class) • 4-2 in NOT in your Supplement • Thursday: • Activities 5-1, 5-2, 5-3 (In Class) • Next Monday: • HW #2 Due • Experiment #1 Report Due • Activities 6-1, 6-2, 6-3, 6-4 (In Class)

  3. WEBSITE • Main Website: http://www.ecse.rpi.edu • Academics • Course Homepages • Spring 2003 – ECSE 2010 • Backup Site : http://128.113.60.136/ECSE-2010/index.html

  4. TA’S • Section 1: • Tong Zhang (zhant@rpi.edu) • Section 2: • Amit Kekare (kekara@rpi.edu) • Rahul Kalaskar (kalasr@rpi.edu) • Section 3: • Sunil Rao (raos@rpi.edu) • Shahab Uddin (uddins@rpi.edu)

  5. GRADING ASSIGNMENTS • Activities: • Amit Kekare – Sections 1&3 • Rahul Kalaskar – Section 2 • Experiments: • Sunil Rao • Homework: • Shahab Uddin • Computer Projects: • Tong Zhang

  6. REVIEW • PSpice: • Download a copy and start practicing • http://www.cadencepcb.com/products/downloads/PSpicestudent/default.asp • Practice with Activities, Homework, etc. • Get comfortable with “rules” for Circuit Files and Learn to use Schematics • We will slowly build our list of commands

  7. MORE CIRCUIT ELEMENTS • Potentiomenter: • Variable Resistor with 3 terminals • Resistance varies as shaft is turned • Will Use Digital Pots in our Experiments • Controlled or Dependent Sources: • Source whose Voltage or Current Output Depends on a Voltage or Current Somewhere Else in the Circuit

  8. POTENTIOMETER

  9. CONTROLLED SOURCES • 2 Types of Sources for Circuit Models: • Independent Voltage and Current Sources • Usually Model with Ideal Sources • Controlled Voltage and Current Sources • Also called Dependent Sources • Controlled/Dependent Source: • Voltage or current source whose value depends on the v or i at some other point in the circuit • Cannot buy a controlled source! • Used to model the behavior of electronic devices • Controlled Sources Make Ckt Analysis Much, Much Harder!

  10. CONTROLLED SOURCES • Controlled Source cannot be the only source of Energy in a complete circuit • Need an Independent Source to create the controlling current or voltage • All circuit models for Transistors and other Electronic Devices involve Controlled Sources • Whole field of analog electronics is based on controlled sources

  11. CONTROLLED SOURCES

  12. CONTROLLED SOURCES • See Example: • Special Symbol for Controlled Sources • Diamond • 4 Types of Controlled Sources • Voltage Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS) • Voltage Controlled Current Source (VCCS) • Current Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS) • Current Controlled Current Source (CCCS) • See Examples:

  13. CONTROLLED SOURCES

  14. CONTROLLED SOURCES

  15. CONTROLLED SOURCES

  16. CONTROLLED SOURCES

  17. CONTROLLED SOURCES USING SCHEMATICS

  18. ACTIVITY 4-1

  19. ACTIVITY 4-1 • KVL: • v - i R + 6 i = 0 => v = i (R - 6) • i = v / (R - 6) • Note: Singularity at R = 6!; Current “blows up” • Interesting things can happen with controlled sources • vc = 6 i = 6 v / (R - 6) • Controlled source tries to put out infinite voltage when R ~ 6 ohms • What really happens is that circuit model fails

  20. ACTIVITY 4-1 • Equivalent Resistance “Seen” by Source: • Req = v / i • Req => 0 as R => 6 ohms • Controlled sources allow much more interesting things to happen, but make circuit analysis much harder

  21. ACTIVITY 4-1 • v = 20 Volts

  22. APPLICATION OF CONTROLLED SOURCES • Controlled Sources are used to Model the Behavior of Electronic Devices • Single devices such as Transistors • Complete circuits such as Amplifiers • A good Example is given in Section 4.1 of your Text – Design Challenge • Uses a Potentiometer and an Amplifier • Models Audio Control on Stereo • Let’s take a quick look at this – Activity 4-2

  23. POTENTIOMETER

  24. VOLTAGE AMPLIFIER

  25. ACTIVITY 4-2

  26. ACTIVITY 4-2

  27. ACTIVITY 4-2

  28. ACTIVITY 4-2

  29. ACTIVITY 4-2

  30. EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE

  31. EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE • LOAD Network: • Any Circuit with R’s and Controlled Sources • No Independent Sources • See Example: • Define v, i using Passive Convention • Req = v / i • Can Replace Any Load Network with its Req • Powerful Ckt Analysis Technique • See Example

  32. EQUIVALENT RESISTANCE

  33. Req With Controlled Sources • “Connect” Test Voltage, vt: • Independent Source (Active Element) • Define it using Active Convention • Use Ckt Analysis to find it in terms of vt: • Linear equation relating it to vt • 1 Equation; 2 Unknowns • Req = vt / it: • See Example

  34. Req with Controlled Sources

  35. Req with Controlled Sources

  36. Req with Controlled Sources

  37. ACTIVITY 4-3 • Electronic devices allow for “amplification” of a current or voltage: • Make it bigger or smaller • Will examine in more detail soon • Model electronic devices with controlled sources • Models will use controlled sources with “Variable Gain”: • Variable depends on characteristics of the particular electronic device being used • Usually want to solve general circuit - then put in characteristics of particular device - from spec’s

  38. ACTIVITY 4-3

  39. ACTIVITY 4-3 • Part a): KVL • Part b): “Supernode” around

  40. ACTIVITY 4-3

  41. ACTIVITY 4-3 • Part c):

  42. ACTIVITY 4-3 • Part d): • .2 A source in parallel with 10 ohms • Model Amplifier with Rin

  43. ACTIVITY 4-3

  44. ACTIVITY 4-3

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