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ELECTRIC CIRCUITS ECSE-2010 Spring 2003 Class 1

ELECTRIC CIRCUITS ECSE-2010 Spring 2003 Class 1. ASSIGNMENTS DUE. Today (Monday): Activities 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 (In Class) Tuesday/Wednesday: Activities 2-1, 2-2 (In Class) Thursday: Will do Experiment 1; Report Due Jan 27 Will also introduce PSpice Activity 3-1 (In Class). Bill Jennings.

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ELECTRIC CIRCUITS ECSE-2010 Spring 2003 Class 1

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  1. ELECTRIC CIRCUITSECSE-2010Spring 2003Class 1

  2. ASSIGNMENTS DUE • Today (Monday): • Activities 1-1, 1-2, 1-3 (In Class) • Tuesday/Wednesday: • Activities 2-1, 2-2 (In Class) • Thursday: • Will do Experiment 1; Report Due Jan 27 • Will also introduce PSpice • Activity 3-1 (In Class)

  3. Bill Jennings • Professor, ECSE • Former Vice Provost, Professional and Distance Education • Former Chair, ECSE • Former Vice Provost, Computing & Information Technology • Currently On Leave, But Teaching • Here Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays

  4. CONTACT INFORMATION • Office: JEC 6036 • Phone: 276-6083 • Email: jenniw@rpi.edu • Office Hours: • 2-4 Wednesdays, JEC 4104 (Studio) • In addition: I will usually be in my office from 2-4 on Mondays and Thursdays

  5. TEXTBOOK • Introduction to Electric Circuits • Richard Dorf and James Svoboda • Has Student Resources CD • Electronic Teaching Assistant (ETA) • Electric Circuits Workout • Circuit Design Lab • Interactive Illustrations • Will Also Use ILM’s Created by the Academy for Electronic Media

  6. SUPPLEMENT • Supplement for Spring 2003: • Activities • Notes on Using PSpice • Computer Projects • Experiments • Purchase by Next Class: • Priscilla Magilligan, JEC 6049 • $5 • Bring to Class Every Day • Will also need Text occasionally

  7. WEBSITE • http://www.ecse.rpi.edu • Academics • Course Homepages • Spring 2003-ECSE 2010 • General Information and Syllabus • Solutions to Homework Assignments • Sample Exams and Solutions • Class Powerpoint Slides • B&W - 6 slides per page • PDF Files – Use Adobe Acrobat

  8. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS • Section 1: Prof. Millard (Administrator) • Monday, Tuesday, Thursday 10-12 • Section 2: Prof. Jennings • Monday, Wednesday, Thursday, 4-6 • Section 3: Prof. Nagy • Monday, Tuesday, Thursday, 2-4

  9. FORMAT • Mini-Lectures: Come Prepared • In-Class Activities: Work Together, Some Short, Some Long, Graded • Experiments: Start in Class, Due Later, Reports Required, Graded • Computer Projects: Same • Homework: Due Each Week, Graded • Graded Papers: Returned in Section 2 Slot in Boxes on Wall in JEC 4104

  10. PARTNERS/TEAMS • Choose a Partner by Thursday • 2-Person Teams • Most of the Work Done by Team • Homework, In-Class Activities, Experiments, Computer Projects • BUT! Submit 2 Papers; Will be separately graded • All Exams done Separately • 3 Exams plus Final Exam • Work Together and Help Each Other

  11. GRADING • In-Class Activities: Daily 10% • Homework: 14 15% • Experiments: 11 15% • Computer Projects: 5 10% • Exam I: 10% • Exam II: 10% • Exam III: 10% • Final Exam 20% 100%

  12. GRADING • Activities: 0 5 10 points • Homework: 0 -15 points • Experiments: 0 - 15 points • Computer Projects: 0 - 10 points • Exam I: 0 - 100 points • Exam II 0 - 100 points • Exam III: 0 - 100 points • Final Exam 0 - 150 points

  13. GRADE RECORDS • Keep Your Own Records • Activities, Experiments • Computer Projects, Exams • Check With Priscilla Magilligan • Official Record Keeper for All Sections • JEC 6049

  14. FINAL GRADES • Grades Depend on Class Statistics • All Sections Grouped Together • Typically: • > 90% A • > 80% B (B/C set at median) • > 70% C • > 55% D

  15. ELECTRIC CIRCUITS • Problem Solving Techniques: • Circuits and Other Systems • Modeling, Analysis, Simulation, and Experimentation of Circuits • Vocabulary: • Language of EE’s/CSE’s • Fundamentals: • Concepts EE’s/CSE’s Need to Know • Foundation for Further Courses

  16. COURSE STRUCTURE • Unit I: Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 • Circuit Variables and Elements • Techniques for Analyzing Resistive Circuits • Circuit Theorems • Unit II: Chapters 6, 7, 8, 14, 9 • Operational Amplifiers • Circuits with Inductors and Capacitors • Response of 1st Order Circuits • Laplace Transforms and Techniques • Response of 2nd Order Circuits

  17. COURSE STRUCTURE • Unit III: Chapters 10, 11, 12, 13 • AC Steady State Circuit Analysis • AC Power and 3 Phase Circuits • Frequency Response • Unit IV: Chapters 13, 14, 16 • Bode Plots • Complete Response using Laplace Transforms • Filter Circuits

  18. ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES • Series/Parallel Reduction • Current and Voltage Dividers • Equivalent Resistance/Impedance • Node/Mesh Equations • Linearity and Superposition • Source Conversions • Thevenin/Norton Equivalent Circuits

  19. VARIABLES • Never Solve a Real Circuit: • Solve Circuit Model • Consider a Flashlight: • Battery, Bulb, Connections, Switch, Case • Model for Battery: Ideal Voltage Source • Battery is a DC (Direct Current) Voltage Source • Model for Connections: Ideal Wires • No Energy Loss • Model for Bulb: Ideal Resistor • Linear Relationship between Current and Voltage

  20. MODEL FOR FLASHLIGHT

  21. CURRENT • Current = i = Flow of Charge • i = dq/dt; coulombs/sec = Amps; A • Current has Magnitude and Direction • Direction of Current Arrow = Direction Positive Charge Would Flow • Current Flows in a Complete Path • Assume Direction for i: Calculate i • if i > 0 => Correct Assumption • if i < 0 => Current Flows Other Way

  22. VOLTAGE • Voltage = v = Electrical Potential Energy Difference/Unit Charge => Potential Difference • Potential Difference Drives Charge • v = dw/dq; joules/coulomb = volts; V • Must define positive (+) and negative (-) terminals for voltage • Will use passive/active conventions to do this • Assume polarity for v; If v < 0 => terminals are reversed

  23. POWER • Power = p = Electrical Energy/Time • p = dw/dt = dw/dq x dq/dt = v x i • Units of p = joules/sec = watts; W • Will use both Active and Passive Devices • Passive Devices Absorb Power • Active Devices MAY Supply Power

  24. ENERGY • Energy = w = Electrical Energy • Units of w = watt-sec (commonly kW-hr) • Energy may be Absorbed or Supplied • Passive Devices Absorb Energy • Active Devices MAY Supply Energy • Will use Power more frequently than Energy

  25. UNITS ivp 1012 Tera TA TV TW 109 Giga GA GV GW 106 Mega MA MV MW 103 kilo kA kV kW 100 A V W 10-3 milli mA mV mW 10-6 micro uA uV uW 10-9 nano nA nV nW 10-12 picopA pV pW

  26. CONSISTENT SETS OF UNITS ivp A V W mA V mW A mV mW uA kV mW etc.

  27. PASSIVE CONVENTION • Passive Element: Absorbs Energy • Gets Hot; Power Absorbed > 0 • Passive Element is called a LOAD • i Flows from + to - in Passive Element • Assume Polarity for v: • Determines Direction of i in Passive Element • OR: Assume Direction for i • Determines Polarity of v in Passive Element • i and v will have same sign • p = v x i > 0 = Power Absorbed

  28. PASSIVE CONVENTION

  29. ACTIVE CONVENTION • Active Element MAY Supply Energy • Active Element is called a SOURCE • If only 1 Source; it MUST supply energy • If more than 1 Source; some may supply energy; some may absorb energy • i Flows from - to + for Active Element • p = v x i > 0 => Power Supplied • Power Supplied = Power Absorbed • In any Circuit

  30. ACTIVE CONVENTION

  31. CIRCUIT

  32. ACTIVITY 1-1

  33. ACTIVITY 1-1 • A: Positive Current Flows from + to - : • A Must be a Passive Element => LOAD • B: Positive Current Flows from - to + : • B Must be an Active Element => SOURCE • Power Supplied = p = v x i: • p= 5000 volts x 4 microamps = 20 mWatts

  34. IDEAL VOLTAGE SOURCE

  35. IDEAL VOLTAGE SOURCE

  36. IDEAL CURRENT SOURCE

  37. IDEAL CURRENT SOURCE

  38. IDEAL SOURCES • Ideal Voltage Source: • Model = Circle with + and - voltage terminals • Voltage always the same across voltage source • Can supply any current • Current through voltage source can be anything • Ideal Current Source: • Model = Circle with Current Arrow • Current always the same from current source • Can supply any voltage • Voltage across current source can be anything

  39. ACTIVITY 1-2 • Circuit Elements are usually characterized by Device Curve: • Plot of v vs. i OR i vs. v • Which One is an Ideal Voltage Source?: • Device #3; A Negative Voltage Source • Which One is an Ideal Current Source?: • Device #5; A Positive Current Source

  40. ACTIVITY 1-2 • Which One is a Passive Device?: • Passive Device must have p > 0; p = v i • Device #2 is a Passive Device • Non-linear Passive Device • Which Ones are Active Devices?: • Active Device can have p > 0 or p < 0 • Device #1; Device #4; Device #6

  41. RESISTORS • Resistor is the Most Common Passive Element Used in Circuits: • Symbol = R • Circuit Model =

  42. OHM’S LAW

  43. OHM’S LAW

  44. OHM’S LAW • Important Concept - Will Always Use • Plot of v vs. i for Resistor is LINEAR • Goes through v = 0, i= 0 • Slope of Line = v/i = R; • Units of R: Ohms = volts/amp • Equation of Straight Line Thru Origin: • => v = i R • => Ohm’s Law

  45. OHM’S LAW

  46. ACTIVITY 1-3

  47. ACTIVITY 1-3 • 1-3a: • i = 12 V/3k = 4 mA • p = 12 V x 4 mA = 48 mW = v i = v2/R = i2 R • 1.3b: • i = - 0.5mA => v must be negative • v = i R = - 0.5mA x 4 Mohms= - 2 kV • p = v i = v2/R = i2 R = 1 W

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