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Variations in Sexual Behaviour How defined?

Variations in Sexual Behaviour How defined? Statistical definition: based on incidence, but no explanations Sociological definition: deviation from a social norm (which society?) Psychological definition 3 Criteria Discomfort – For Whom? Self Inefficiency – Vague Bizarre - Cultural.

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Variations in Sexual Behaviour How defined?

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  1. Variations in Sexual Behaviour How defined? • Statistical definition: based on incidence, but no explanations • Sociological definition: deviation from a social norm (which society?) • Psychological definition 3 Criteria • Discomfort – For Whom? Self • Inefficiency – Vague • Bizarre - Cultural

  2. DSM: Urges (or fantasies or behaviours) are intense, and result in significant distress or impairment in functioning • Hyde: harm to self/others • Normal-Abnormal Continuum: if necessary for sexual satisfaction  abnormal • Paraphilias: unusual, obsessive and compulsive, some (not all) illegal • Not all variations are compulsions • Compulsive Sexual Behaviour: no impulse control, socially inappropriate, interfere with functioning and are risks to health. Some are paraphilias, some are normal but done compulsively

  3. 4 Step Process: • Preoccupation (can’t think of anything else) • Rituals: Preceed sexual act, lead to it • Compulsive Sexual Behaviour (feeling loss of control) • Despair: Feeling very low after

  4. Fetishism: object (material and/or form). Exclusivity, sine qua non • Transvestism: cross-dressing on occasion, or like a fetish – mostly men (majority married, middle class) • Sadomasochism: pain an intrinsic, salient part of sexual behaviour • Sadist: likes to inflict pain • Masochist: likes to receive pain • (S-M): e.g. spanking, whipping Complementary

  5. Bondage and Discipline (B-D): pain not necessarily involved • Dominance and Submission (D-S): mostly about power • Master & Slave (large range) • Dominatrix (whole industry) • humiliation, insults, baby role • Mutual agreement, scripted costumes, props, restraining devices, dungeons

  6. Voyeurism (FR.: to look): peeping Tom • nudes, genitals, sex acts • Exhibitionism: flasher – typically male but some female exhibitionistic behaviours are socially sanctioned • Nymphomania (female) • Satyriasis (male) • Criteria? Age & gender differences (e.g. women multiple orgasms) many nymphomaniacs can’t have orgasms • Asphyxiophilia: oxygen deprivation  arousal, more intense orgasms (due to risk?) Hypersexuality sexual “addiction”

  7. Coprophilia • Urophilia: golden shower • Necrophilia • Zoophilia • Cybersex: anonymous, convenient, accessible, easy 24/7 porn, chat rooms, bulletin boards

  8. Causes Not completely established • early modeling • conditioning • lack of social skills • biological factors • psychiatric conditions Treatment • surgical castration: unethical, not very effective • hormonal “castration”: androgen antagonists e.g. medroxyprogesterone (side effects) synthetic GnRH • antidepressants • psychotherapy (individual and group) most successful: cognitive-behavioural • aversive conditioning • 12 step programs

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