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Social Constructionism

Social Constructionism. Group Members: Michelle Bernetskie Marinna He Anne Catherine Keller Christian Matheis Megan Yocum. Understanding the Theory. The Epistemological Foundation A Postmodern Counseling Theory A Meta-theory. Constructivist Theories.

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Social Constructionism

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  1. Social Constructionism Group Members: Michelle Bernetskie Marinna He Anne Catherine Keller Christian Matheis Megan Yocum

  2. Understanding the Theory • The Epistemological Foundation • A Postmodern Counseling Theory • A Meta-theory

  3. Constructivist Theories • Personal Constructivism: George Kelly (1905-1967) • Milton Erickson (1901-1980) • Social Constructionism: Kenneth Gergen • Co-constructivism: Ivey SC emphasizes the “primacy of relational, conversational, social practices as the source of individual psychic life.”—cited in Raskin, 2002.

  4. Social Constructionist TheoryFoundational Assumptions • Reality does not exist objectively but is constructed intersubjectively. • Language is situated and contingent, and it actively creates and constraints new experiences and perceptions. • People are capable of creating new and revised constructs. • Personality is a socially constructed idea.

  5. Counseling Perspectives • Establishing an equal collaborative therapeutic relationship • Taking on conversational qualities to create a new social context • Raising questions to inherent contradictions of client stories • Attending to how language is used to define and influence the power differentials that are part of interactions between individuals and their environment • Identifying the cultural and contextual factors influencing discursive transactions • Assisting clients in extending beyond dominant discourses that constrain individual, interrelational, and cultural possibilities

  6. Intervention Strategies • Traditional interventions (role play, journaling, dream analysis, free association, enactment) • Moviola techniques • Outsider position • Dialectic and dialogic questioning strategies • Diagnosis and monitoring client progress

  7. Solution-Focused Therapy “Client complaints are like locks, and they should focus on solutions, which are like keys.” (DeShazer and Berg)

  8. SFT Goals • Find the exception/solution within 5 to 10 sessions • Small goals that can be met rather quickly and assessed concretely

  9. SFT TECHNIQUES • Pre-treatment change question • Miracle question • Exception-finding question • Coping question • Scaling question • Homework tasks

  10. Therapeutic Relationship • Collaborative relationship • Client is the expert of their problem • Client is the author of the solution • Client decides the goals • Therapist is the facilitator

  11. STRENGTHS OF SFT • Brief • Suitable for clients who want quick solution • emphasizing strengths rather than weaknesses, competencies rather than deficits, and possibilities rather than limitations • Focusing on concrete, measurable, and attainable steps • adaptable for use with diverse populations • Client is responsible for his own growth and development • Personal empowerment comes from the client • Client can closely identify to their personal changes

  12. LIMITATIONS of SFT • overly simplistic approach • the potential for minimizing the client's problems • the possibility that some clients may not possess the skills or resources to solve their problems • Requires that the counselor has the skills to move beyond problem-talk to solution-building • Foundation based only on client’s personal beliefs -Relativist • Severe maladaptive beliefs or behaviors may have an effect on the success of this approach

  13. MULTICULTURALISM • Cultural influences play a major role in the success of this theory • Advanced understanding of one common language is necessary • Client understanding of counselor’s culture • Counselor understanding of client’s culture

  14. ROLE PLAY • Counselor: -What techniques does the counselor use? • Client: -What is the client’s personal view of the issue? • Other questions to ponder… -What are the strengths of this approach -What are the limitations of this approach -Identify potential goals -Identify any multicultural issues

  15. QUIZ TIME You didn’t think we just wanted you to only think about those topics… Did You? Answer the most questions RIGHT and WIN a PRIZE

  16. References Included Ranskin, J. D. (2002). Constructivism in Psychology. In Ranskin & Bridges, Studies In Meaning: Exploring Constructivist Psychology, pp.1-26. Pace University Press. Rigazio-DiGilio, S. A. (2001). Postmodern theories of counseling. In D. C. Lock et al. (Eds.), The Handbook of Counseling, pp.197-218. Sage. Sharf, R. (2004). Theories of psychotherapy and counseling (3rd ed.). Brooks/Cole.

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