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Water Chemistry: Key Concepts

Water Chemistry: Key Concepts. Anionic Evolution of Groundwater/Chebotarev Solubility Availability Water Chemistry to support partitioning of surface vs subsurface runoff Concentration (immature vs mature) Seasonal changes Oxidation Reduction. VMC107. HBF737. BWT637. HPC673. HPC639.

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Water Chemistry: Key Concepts

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  1. Water Chemistry: Key Concepts • Anionic Evolution of Groundwater/Chebotarev • Solubility • Availability • Water Chemistry to support partitioning of surface vs subsurface runoff • Concentration (immature vs mature) • Seasonal changes • Oxidation Reduction

  2. VMC107 HBF737 BWT637 HPC673 HPC639 AER104 AER195

  3. ASM615

  4. LEC655 BMT692 HBF737 HPC673 HPC639 HES644 ASM615 AER135 BWT637 LEC601 ASM195 LEC610 AER104

  5. Some Observations • VMC107 seems to have a subsurface component year round, although chemistry changes, so perhaps a small contributing area • HPC 639 and HPC 673 have strong stable subsurface flow components • AER195 (and to a lesser extent AER104) has a very stable chemistry suggesting a strong stable subsurface flow contribution

  6. VMC107 BWT637 ASM615 HPC639 HPC673 HBF737

  7. VMC107 ASM615 BMT692

  8. BWT692 BWT637 LEC610

  9. Some Observations • ASM615 has high and variable sulfate concentrations; max= 585mg/l in baseflow samples • Virginia sites generally have higher concentrations in baseflow samples

  10. REC689 HBF737 VMC107 LEC601 LEC655 BWT637

  11. Some Observations • REC689 has elevated sodium and chloride in the snowmelt and baseflow samples (water softeners? Road salt? WWTP?) • LEC601 and LEC655 also have elevated sodium and chloride concentrations • VMC107 and ASM615 have subsubsurface components, which appear to be intermittent/changeable (Na >Cl: NaOH or Na2CO3 additive to taconiteprocess waters? Berndt 2009…Is there high SO4 loading in these samples? If so, tailings could also be contributing)

  12. Some Observations • Toivola is influence by an anoxic component during baseflow • LEC655 and ASM615 have higher sulfate concentrations during baseflow

  13. HBC637

  14. HBF737

  15. REC689

  16. LEC601 LEC655

  17. BMT692 LEC601

  18. VMC107 BWT637 ASM615

  19. VMC107 ASM615 BWT637

  20. ASM615 LEC655 VMC107 LEC601 BMT692

  21. Berndt,2009 states “Mg>Ca suggests sulfate derived by sulfide oxidation in stockpiles and open pits from Biwabik Iron Formation which hosts Mg-rich carbonates” Plot Mg/Ca ratios against SO4

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