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Basic Water Treatment

Basic Water Treatment. Water Chemistry. In order to understand how to best serve a customers needs, a system integrator needs to understand water chemistry and how the customers process affects the water molecule. Water Chemistry. Universal Solvent Everything dissolves in water.

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Basic Water Treatment

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  1. Basic Water Treatment

  2. Water Chemistry In order to understand how to best serve a customers needs, a system integrator needs to understand water chemistry and how the customers process affects the water molecule.

  3. Water Chemistry • Universal Solvent Everything dissolves in water

  4. Wastewater Chemistry • pH/ORP • Surfactants/Emulsification • Hardness • Total solids • Dissolved solids • Suspended solids • Turbidity • BOD/COD

  5. 1 7 14 Caustic Acidic Power of Hydrogen • pH means “Power of Hydrogen” • H2O = (H+) + (OH-) • pH 7 = .0001 ppm (H+)

  6. pH Balancing • Each integer increase or decrease in pH is factored by 10x • A change from pH 7 to pH 8 is a change to ten times the causticity 1 7 8 9 14

  7. Oxidation Reduction Potential (ORP) • ORP is the measurement of choice for biological control • It measures the bug killing capability of your system

  8. Emulsion Breakers • The dielectric characteristics of oil & water cause emulsified oil droplets to carry negative charges.

  9. Emulsion Breakers • A cationic (positively charged) emulsion breaker gets the call to neutralize the charge - -

  10. Hardness • Magnesium and calcium levels in water create “hard” water. Resin bed systems remove the magnesium and calcium through Ion Exchange. Salt is used to regenerate the resin.

  11. Total Dissolved Solids • TDS is just as it sounds. Solids that are dissolved in water. TDS cannot be seen in the water. • Difficult to remove

  12. Total Suspended Solids • TSS is just as it sounds. Solids that are suspended in water. TSS can be seen in the water. • Less difficult to remove

  13. Turbidity • Turbidity is the color in water. • Emulsified solutions • Difficult to remove • Paints, Inks, Oils

  14. BOD/COD • Biological Oxygen Demand. • Chemical Oxygen Demand • Organic or chemical • Odor causing constituents • Removes oxygen from water

  15. Wastewater Treatment Technologies • Bioremediation • Coagulation/Floc • Membrane Filtration • Filtration/Gravity • Oxidation (Ozone) • Thermal Oxidation • Encapsulation

  16. Bio-Remediation

  17. What is Bio-Remediation?How does Bio-Remediation Work?Anaerobic- Having no airAerobic- Having airOrganic compositions are consumed by a living organism

  18. Anaerobic • Initial breakdown of organic mass • No air and no light • Sometimes required to effectively “set up” stream to be delivered to aerobic treatment

  19. Bug Health Needs • Adequate food supply • Availability of nutrients • Temperate climate • Uniform pH climate • No life sustaining disturbances

  20. Coagulation • “Like” charged particles suspended in solution can neither rise nor fall • The coagulant neutralizes the charges allowing the particles to collide

  21. Flocculation • Long chained polymers with molecular weights from a ¼ million to several million • The polymers attach themselves to the contaminants and fall quickly

  22. Membrane Filtration • Membranes • Poly material • Layered to generate surface area • Very small filtration levels • pH specific on most • Susceptible to clogging • Maintenance intensive

  23. Filtration / Gravity • 200 to 1 micron size • Back flush • Lower maintenance • Less expensive to buy and operate • Lower replacement costs • Needs to be specific to effluent • Weirs • Coalescing • Slowing/Settling • Water rising and falling • Wide spectrum treatment • Poorer quality output

  24. Thermo Oxidation • Thermally destroy organic compounds • Evaporation process that completely removes the water from the solids.

  25. Encapsulation Systems • Clay Treatment • Emulsions • Inks & Dyes • Heavy metals • BOD

  26. What is Oxidation? • Simply put: The adding of an oxygen atom • You are changing the composition of a molecule in order to change how it behaves

  27. Oxygen Molecules O2 Ozone Molecules O2 O3 O1 O2 UV Light Rays or Electric Spark O3 O1 What is Ozone?

  28. O3 the Aggressor • The energy stored to create ozone wants to react by forcing the extra oxygen atom on an organic molecule • The resulting reaction is CO2 + H2O

  29. Oxidizers • Fluorine (F-) • Hydroxyl Radical (OHo) • Ozone (O3) • Chlorine (Cl-) • Bromine (Br-) • Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)

  30. RGF Selected Oxidizers These oxidizers do not contribute to TDS • Hydroxyl Radical (OHo) • Ozone (O3) • Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) – Oxypuck • UV light

  31. What is Catalytic Oxidation? • A combination of multiple oxidants to form an hydroxyl radical OHO. O3 OHO Oxypuck UV

  32. H2O2 O3 UV How is the Hydroxyl Radical Formed?

  33. Basic Information Needed • It is important to gather the proper information to effectively integrate a system. • Complete RGF Site Evaluation Form

  34. Questions?

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