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Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial Perspective

Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial Perspective. GEM Cooperator Meeting Jerry Rice Dec. 7, 2005. Exotic Germplasm = Unadapted Germplasm. [i.e. South American Germplasm  into North America].

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Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial Perspective

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  1. Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial Perspective GEM Cooperator Meeting Jerry Rice Dec. 7, 2005

  2. Exotic Germplasm = Unadapted Germplasm [i.e. South American Germplasm  into North America]

  3. Exotic Germplasm / Other Crops: • Cotton: G. harknesii cms & Restorer Genes (hybrid cotton) • Grain Sorghum: World Collection (PI) Greenbug Biotype Resistance

  4. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding • Disease Tolerance • Insect Tolerance • Increased Genetic Diversity • Increased Yield • Enhanced Stability across Environments • Specialty Traits

  5. Exotic Germplasm / Challenges: • Difficult to evaluate • Photoperiod Sensitivity unattractive phenotype • Tall plants with high ear placement • Standability Issues  generally have weak roots • High Harvest Moisture  generally later maturity • Tight husks and slow dry-down • Requires more Resources • Larger Popn size and more segregates to evaluate • Long Term Investment (success in 2nd to 3rd Gen.)

  6. Exotic Germplasm Breeding:

  7. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding • Disease Tolerance • Insect Tolerance • Increased Genetic Diversity • Increased Yield • Enhanced Stability across Environments • Specialty Traits

  8. Brazil * Argentina * Mexico South Africa ** Thailand Italy* Research Liaison ** Tech. Advisor Philippines China France Germany Pakistan Previous Experience / Cargill Hybrid Seeds:

  9. Current DAS / Mycogen Seeds: • Argentina • Brazil • Mexico • Philippines

  10. USA Stiff Stalks Non-Stiff Stalks Iodents Other International Programs: Tuxpeno Tuson ETO Cateto Caribbean Suwan Germplasm Pools / Opportunities:

  11. Exotic Germplasm with International Program • Shuttle Breeding Opportunities • Introgression Breeding Projects • Exchange Elite Inbreds • All Possibilities (all countries – within & between) • Observation • Evaluation

  12. Shuttle Breeding -- Example: • USA initiation of Trop (Brz)/Temp SSS Popn • Brazil recycle (3) popn (earliness & dis. tol.) • USA advance, select, & testcross (350 2)multiple testers  med. yield / not adv. • Brazil multiple testers  med. yield / not adv. • Argentina multiple testers  med. yield / not adv. • S. Africa multiple testers  high yield, GCA,Primary Tester for yellow program

  13. Inbred Exchange / Opportunities: • USA Obs. elite lines from Brazil • Impressive plant health • Impressive GLS tolerance • Argentina Obs. elite lines from all countries • Complementary gene action / MRCV tol. • Impressive MRCV tolerance • Brazil Obs. elite lines from USA • Earliness with sufficient plant health

  14. Introgression Projects: • 2005 Data Yield %H2O • MycoSSS(12.5%Brz)S3/TS-A 212 20.0 • MycoSSS(12.5%Brz)S3/TS-B 206 19.4 • Commercial Hybrid Check #1 201 19.6 • Commercial Hybrid Check #2 216 20.1

  15. Introgression Projects: • 2005 Data: Yield %H2O • TS-C/ MycoNSS(25%Brz)S4 205 19.3 • Commercial Hybrid Check #1 207 19.6

  16. Introgression Projects: • 2005 Data: Yield %H2O • TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Arg)S2A 217 20.0 • TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Arg)S2B 213 22.3 • Commercial Hybrid Check #1 203 19.8

  17. Introgression Projects: • 2005 Data: Yield %H2O • TS-C/ MycoNSS(50%Brz)S1A 205 19.5 • Best Commercial Check 190 19.4 • TS-E/ MycoNSS(25%Brz)S1B 216 19.2 • Best Commercial Check 197 20.3

  18. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding • Disease Tolerance • Insect Tolerance • Increased Yield (Grain and/or Silage) • Enhanced Stability across Environments • Specialty Traits • Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.) • Kernel Quality (food corn milling) • Others

  19. AN EXCELLENT SOURCE OF EXOTIC GERMPASM  GERMPLASM ENHANCEMENT OF MAIZE (GEM) PROGRAM !!!

  20. GEM Mission: Increase Genetic Diversity • Introgression of Exotic Germplasm into Temperate Germplasm utilizing: • LAMP Accessions (Exotic Sources) • Evaluated for Yield and Adaptation • Elite Temperate Germplasm • Via Germplasm Contributions from GEM Cooperators

  21. GEM Exotic Sources / Available: • GEM Cooperator’s have the following types of Exotic Germplasm available from the base GEM Program: • Populations (F2’s and BC’s) • S1’s • S2’s • GEM Releases (S4’s+)

  22. Why use GEM Exotic Sources: • Solid Germplasm Backgrounds • Pre-Evaluated LAMP Accessions • Elite Temperate Germplasm (GEM Cooperators) • NO “Strings Attached” for GEM Cooperators • No Royalties • No Breeding Restrictions • Incorporation directly into your Breeding Program

  23. Uses of GEM Exotic Sources: • Fold Early Gen. (S1’s & S2’s) into your program • GEM Popn X Proprietary Lines  Popn • Proprietary Popn X GEM Releases  Popn • Proprietary Line X GEM Release  Popn • Others

  24. GEM Popn / Myco Projects: • 2005 Data: Yield %H2O • TS-A// GEMBR51403…/Myco 196 19.1 • TS-B// GEMBR51403…/Myco 191 19.9 • GEM/Cuba164…/Myco// TS-C 192 19.1 • Commercial Hybrid Check 193 19.3

  25. GEM Popn / Myco Projects: Improvements: • GEMBR51403…/Myco • Improved Plant Health • Increased K-rows on ear • Improved Grain Texture (harder texture) • GEMCuba164…/Myco • Improved Grain Texture • (Tall plant with high ear placement)

  26. GEMBR51403…/Myco

  27. GEMCuba164…/Myco

  28. University of Wisconsin / J.G. Coors, D.T. Eilert, & P.J. Flannery / 2004 GEM Report: % t/a • 2004 Silage Data Means Dry Matter Yield ARZM17026:N1019 • 65008-2-3-1-2 X LH227 44.6 9.91 • 65008-2-3-1-3 X LH227 43.4 9.44 • Mean of 4 Checks 41.3 8.55

  29. University of Delaware / J.A. Hawk & T. Weldekidan / 2004 GEM Report: • 2004 Data: Yield %H2O • Pioneer 31G98 223 22.5 • PioSSS/DK212T:N11a10)-107-2 216 22.7 • PioSSS/DK212T:N11a10)-156-1 212 22.6 • Pioneer 33B51 211 21.9 • Pioneer 34H31 200 20.5

  30. USDA-ARS / P. Scott & M. Blanco 2004 GEM Report: • AA Index of DKXL212:N11a-139-1-1-B-B-B • Top Ranked sample in the AA indexing ranking study (Met + Trp + Lys + 0.5 Thr) outperforming the high ranking checks • Line has an unusually well balance AA content

  31. Importance of Exotic Germplasm in Breeding • Disease Tolerance • Insect Tolerance • Increased Yield (Grain and/or Silage) • Enhanced Stability across Environments • Specialty Traits • Kernel Composition (starch, AA, oil, etc.) • Kernel Quality (food corn milling) • Others

  32. Exotic Germplasm – A Commercial Perspective Thank you for your Attention and for your Interest!!

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