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Smart Grid or Smart Marketing?

Smart Grid or Smart Marketing?. Scott Norr, PE ECE 1001 October 26, 2010. General Electric Commercial for 2009 Superbowl:. “Ecomagination” or “Smart Grid” technology http://fliiby.com/file/251500/afecutko02.html. Courtesy of General Electric. GE EcomaginationWebsite – Spring 2009.

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Smart Grid or Smart Marketing?

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  1. Smart Grid or Smart Marketing? Scott Norr, PE ECE 1001 October 26, 2010

  2. General Electric Commercial for 2009 Superbowl: • “Ecomagination” or “Smart Grid” technology • http://fliiby.com/file/251500/afecutko02.html Courtesy of General Electric

  3. GE EcomaginationWebsite – Spring 2009 http://ge.ecomagination.com/

  4. Electric Power Delivery and Consumption Getting More Complex • More Environmental Issues • Greater Population Density (310 Mil People in US) • Larger Variety of Sources, Delivery Methods and Loads • Aging Infrastructure Undergoing Life Extension • New Technology Blended with Old • WE NEED A SMARTER ELECTRIC GRID http://www.gereports.com/can-we-talk-see-how-ges-smart-grid-communicates/

  5. ELECTRIC DEMAND Demand still growing 2% per year Source: Energy Information Administration’s Annual Energy Outlook 2009

  6. World Energy Consumption

  7. Generation to Changing to Meet Demand • Large, Centralized Plants (Old Way) • Small, Distributed Plants (New Way) • Also, Site Renewable Generation where it makes Sense (and Profit)

  8. Large Plants • Environmental Issues • Fossil Fuels • Location/Siting • Outlet Transmission

  9. HydroElectric No Longer “Clean Energy” 3 Gorges Dam – China – 20,000 MegaWatts Hoover Dam – US – 2,000 MegaWatts

  10. Large Plants (Cont.) • We’ll See New Ideas for Big Plants: • “Clean Coal” • Wind • Solar (Electric and Thermal) • Geothermal • Biomass • Gen IV Nuclear

  11. Clean Coal • Coal Gasification (Combined Cycle) - Low Emmissions • Not Dead Yet on Iron Range (Excelsior Energy - Mesaba)

  12. WIND • Wind Generators currently very popular (Several Thousand MWs in Upper Midwest • More and more Cost Effective (4 - 5 Cents/KWH) • Not a Cure-All - never windy when you need it most • Difficult to Dispatch

  13. Wind Farm • Current Standard : 3 MW WTG on 100 meter Towers • Energy cost now in the 4 cents/KWH range Source: Taconite Ridge Energy Center in Minnesota (Photo courtesy Minnesota Power) ens-newswire.com Source: NEG-Micon

  14. Solar Electricity • Photvoltaics • Electricity Directly from Sunlight • Low Conversion efficiency • Fairly High Cost • Solar Potential: • US uses 100 Quad of Energy each year • 38,200 Quad of Solar Energy hits the lower 48 each year • ONLY WHEN THE SUN SHINES …

  15. New Solar Ideas: • 3-D PhotoVoltaic Cells • New Breakthroughs in Nano-Materials greatly increase the surface area of a Solar Cell and its ability to catch reflected light • Theoretically 50%-70% efficient • Very High Cost • Solar Concentrators • Simple Idea used in Space – Collect More Sunlight to Shine on Your Existing Cells

  16. Solar Concentrator Research Right Here at UMD – Malosky Stadium: minvert.d.umn.edu

  17. Geothermal • Extract Hot Water from the Earth • Use the Hot Water or Flash to Steam • Currently 2700 MW capacity in US • Capacity growing at 9% worldwide • Excellent Idea for Home Use – Ground Source Heat Pumps

  18. Binary-Cycle Plant (Geothermal)

  19. Nuclear ….IT’S BACK… • Updated LWR Designs are being permitted • Next Generation Nuclear Reactors (Gen IV) • Modular (example: 25 MW Modules), add more modules to make a bigger plant • Fuel Flexible – Uranium, Thorium (More abundant resource) • A Promising Design: Pebble-Bed Modular Reactor • Temperature moderated with Helium or Nitrogen • Fuel encased in pebbles – ‘safe’, easy to handle

  20. Pebble-Bed Reactor Source: Black and Veatch

  21. Levelized Electricity Costs for New Plants,2015 and 2030 2005 mills per kilowatthour Incremental Transmission Costs Variable Costs, Including Fuel Fixed Costs Capital Costs 2015 2030 Source: EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2007

  22. Distributed Generation • Concept: Make Electricity where and when needed, eliminating Transmission: • Neighborhood • Commercial Center • Industrial Park • Smart Distribution Networks • Wind, Solar, Geothermal, Biomass • Fuel Cells

  23. Fuel Cells • Most common type: PEM Polymer-Electrolyte Membrane • Strips Electrons from Hydrogen to make Electricity • Safety/Cost • Where to get H2?? • H2 Energy Density Source: American Institute of Physics

  24. Making Hydrogen • 3 ways right now: • Extraction from Hydrocarbons – non-renewables • Exposing Water to Reactive Metals such as Sodium – environmental impact and cost • Electrolysis of Water – 1.4 Joules of Electricity to produce 1 Joule of potential energy in H2 (NOT A FUEL!!!!) • Better Methods in Future? Photosynthetic bio-processes?

  25. NEW IDEA: JTEC Inventor Lonnie Johnson of Super Soaker fame (Photograph by Tina Tyrell) Johnson  Thermoelectric Energy Converter • Uses temperature differences to create pressure gradients which force ions through a proton exchange membrane, creating electricity • Works with any heat source – Sunlight, fuel, waste heat • Scalable

  26. Improving Transmission and Distribution Variable Frequency Transformer – Asynchronous Transfer of Power : Canada <->US, Wind Farms -> Grid, etc. Courtesy of GE

  27. Courtesy of SEL Synchrophasors Simultaneous Real-Time Measurement of System Phasors: Can Identify Problem Areas BEFORE Things Go Dark Source: North American Synchrophasor Initiative

  28. DEMAND SIDE • Conservation Through: Market Pricing Efficient Products

  29. Market Pricing • Energy Prices becoming De-Regulated • New Equipment to Automate Pricing: • Smart Meters • Smart Appliances

  30. Smart Meters • Talks to Electric Company • Talks to Consumer About Hourly Prices and Consumption • Tells Appliances what current Price is • Shops Around for a Better Rate? Source: Electric Power Research Institute and Freefoto.com

  31. Efficient Products • Smart Appliances run only when energy is cheapest, talk to each other and to the Electric Utility • Passive Solar Thermal Designs and Devices • Energy Efficient Home Designs

  32. CONCLUSIONS The Electric Power Industry has a long standing tradition of “Reliability First” New Social Pressures and New Technologies are both changing and complicating that mentality The Grid is Getting Smarter….Are you?

  33. WEB References • National Renewable Energy Labs • http://www.nrel.gov/ • Electric Power Research Institute • http://www.epri.com/ • US Dept. of Energy • http://www.energy.gov/ • Energy Information Association • http://www.eia.doe.gov/

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