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WWII Review. What’s going on in the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy?. Economic conditions in the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy are becoming worse. National pride has been hurt due to WWI and the Treaty of Versailles.
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What’s going on in the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy? • Economic conditions in the Soviet Union, Germany, and Italy are becoming worse. • National pride has been hurt due to WWI and the Treaty of Versailles. • France and Britain wanted to Punish Germany, USSR wasn’t included, and Italy didn’t get as much as they wanted so all three were upset
Rise of Imperial Japan • Japan’s democracy had been struggling to be effective • When the great depression hit Japan: • The government was blamed • Military leaders gained control of the country • Emperor Hirohito was named the head of state • The military wanted to increase nationalism and thought that they could solve the country’s economic problems by foreign expansion, meaning, they would begin to take over China for their raw materials
Event 1- Czechoslovakia Crisis • Hitler decided to take over the Sudetenland, located in Czechoslovakia, because there was a large German population, and because it was rich in resources • Was this a turning point? • Yes, because this made Hitler believe that he could continue to take anything he wanted, without any country stopping him
Event 3 – Invasion of Poland • Just before the invasion, Hitler and Stalin signed a secret agreement called the Non-Aggression Pact • This pact said that neither country would attack the other one • Great Britain, on the other hand, agreed to support Poland • France also pledged to support Poland if it was attacked by Germany • And on September 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland • What did the other countries do? Was this a turning point? • After the invasion, Britain and France declared war on Germany. • Yes, this was a turning point because it was the official beginning of WWII
Event 5 – The Battle of Britain • On June 22, 1940, France surrendered to Germany, and Hitler now controlled all of Europe besides Great Britain • Hitler then turned his attention to taking over Great Britain • What would be difficult about taking over the UK? • It is an island, so you have to take over by plane • The Germans launched Operation Sea Lion, where they would take the Luftwaffe (Germany’s air force), to attack the island, destroying mostly the cities. • What advantages did Great Britain have? • They had radar, so they could see where the German planes were • British had a copy of the Enigma, or a German code-making machine
Event 6 – The invasion of the USSR • Operation Barbarossa began in the summer of 1941 • On June 22, 1941, he sent his troops into the Soviet Union to attack the major cities • What would be difficult about attacking the USSR? • You must travel long distances to get to any major cities • The weather is very harsh for those who are not prepared • Battle of Stalingrad • Nobody wanted to surrender, until the Germans couldn’t handle the cold weather and decided to leave on their own
Event 7 – Operation Overlord • It was originally scheduled for 1941, but was pushed back to 1944 • Operation Overlord, also known as D Day, was the Allied invasion of the French Coast at Normandy • Although thousands died in this one battle, the Germans eventually retreated, and it marked the beginning of the end for the Germans • Was this a turning point? • Yes, because it signified (showed) that the Germans were getting weaker, and that the Allied forces were beginning to win the war
Hitler commits suicide • Hitler and his wife, Eva Braun commit suicide as the Allies close in on Berlin. • Hitler blames the Jews for starting WWII and his generals for losing WWII.
Victory in Europe Day: The Allies accept the German’s unconditional surrender (May 8, 1945) US President Roosevelt died a month early and Truman takes his place. V-E Day
Europe in Ruins • 40 million dead (2/3 civilians)—more deaths than any conflict in history. • Hundreds of cities destroyed • People lived in destroyed homes; caves and cellars beneath rubble • No water, no electricity, little food • Factories destroyed so no jobs to earn $
The Battle of Midway • The Battle of Midway turned the tide of WWII in the Pacific. • The Japanese were forced to be on the defensive. • General MacArthur: “Hit ‘em where they ain’t, let ‘em die on the vine.” He began his island hopping strategy. • Island Hopping - The US doesn’t need to attack all of the Islands in the Pacific. Instead, they would just take over strategic islands, and then stop the other islands from getting new supplies.
Turning points • Battle of Coral Sea • Stopped the Japanese momentum, and there were slightly more Japanese losses • Iwo Jima • Signaled the US momentum in the Pacific • Set up for any invasion of Mainland Japan • Okinawa • Showed the Japanese resolve, but ultimately ended in an Allied victory
American View of Japanese • After Pearl Harbor, the Japanese were seen as the enemy. • Encouraged by government propaganda, even Japanese Americans (that were U.S. citizens and were American born) were viewed as enemies.
Japanese American Internment • Roosevelt issues the Executive Order 9066: Internment of Japanese and property loss of Japanese. • From 1941-1946, over 31,000 Japanese/Japanese Americans were interned in 16 locations. Most of them lost their property as well. • 2/3 of those interned were American citizens.
Potsdam Conference • The Potsdam Declaration was created by Truman, Stalin, and Churchill and called for the surrender of Japan. It outlined the terms of surrender for Japan. The agreement stated that if Japan did not surrender, it would face "prompt and utter destruction". • Japan ignored the ultimatum.
The U.S. Drops the Atomic Bomb • On August 6, 1945 the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima, a Japanese city of over 350,000 people. 73,000 people were killed. • On August 9, 1945 a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. 37,500 people were killed. • Japan surrendered on September 2, 1945.
How should the atomic bombs have been used to end the war against Japan?(Fortune Magazine, 1945)
The Effects of the Defeat on Japan • MacArthur takes charge of the U.S. occupation of Japan. • Japan must demilitarize. • Many leaders were charged as war criminals. • The U.S. sets up Japan’s democracy. • Hirohito had to declare that he was not a god—he became a figurehead.
