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WWII

WWII. Timeline . 1935: Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles. 1937: Japan invades China 1939: Germany invades Poland. Britain and France declare war . 1941: USA enters war after Japan attacks

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WWII

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  1. WWII

  2. Timeline 1935: Hitler violates Treaty of Versailles. 1937: Japan invades China 1939: Germany invades Poland. Britain and France declare war. 1941: USA enters warafter Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. 1942: Nazi death campsin full operation. 1944: D-Day in European Theatre. 1945: USA drops atomic bombs on Japan. Germany surrenders.

  3. Why did WWII occur? 1. WWI & WWII linked—failure of Versailles Treaty • Interwar period merely an armistice • Nothing truly resolved by Versailles Treaty • Left with national ambitions and insecurities 2. WWII was caused by one man: Adolf Hitler • Megalomaniac!! Mad genius who captured German insecurities and national arrogance. • “Germ” Theory—He created a brain washed cult like environment where Germans could do no wrong. 3. WWII was all about the timing and unavoidables. • Too many things aligned just right…failed Versailles Treaty, Great Depression, need for power, unstable Europe, rise of dictatorial regimes, naïve citizens, etc.

  4. Axis Powers Germany-Hitler Italy-Mussolini Japan-Hirohito

  5. Axis Powers also included… • Hungary • Romania • Finland • Thailand • Bulgaria • Croatia • Slovakia

  6. Allied Forces Soviet Union-Joseph Stalin United Kingdom- Winston Churchill

  7. Allied Forces France-Charles de Gaulle China- Nationalist Party: Chang Kai-shek Communist Party: Mao Zedong

  8. Allied Forces United States- FDR 1941-1945 Truman 1945

  9. Allies also included… • Poland • Indonesia • India • Yugoslavia • French Indochina (present day Vietnam, Cambodia, etc.) • Lithuania • Czech Republic • Greece • Burma • Latvia

  10. Nature of Modern War • Significant changes and advances in military technology and tactics. • Fought on land, at sea, and in the air. • Global, Total War to the max. • Total war—everyone is involved or impacted. • Change in combat motivation… • Fighting for God/Country. • Fighting for survival. • Fighting for/with buddies.

  11. Blitzkrieg: The Beginning of the War Blitzkrieg—“lightning war”- Germany takes over central Europe in less than a year. September 1, 1939: Invade Poland. Sept 3: France and Britain declare war against Germany April 1940: Denmark and Norway. May 1940: Netherlands, Belgium, and France. Maginot Line—French/British line of defense to stop the Germans located in eastern France. Germany went around this line to take over France. France signed armistice June 22, 1940.

  12. Germany invades Britain Battle of Britain 15 min. video—5 Facts Battle of Britain—German amphibious invasion of Britain. August 1940. Bombings of air and naval bases, harbors, communication centers, and war industries. Key to British stopping Germans…technology! Effective radar system to detect German troops. U.S. steered away from isolationism—began favoring the Allies.

  13. Decision: Should the US get involved in WWII? 1940 Germany controls most of Europe France under control of Germany Even though Britain defeated Germany, they were seriously threatened & damaged via Battle of Britain Should the United States join WWII to help France, Britain, and the rest of the Allies?

  14. Attack on the Soviet Union British troops mobilized support in Mediterranean to slow the spread of Italian and German troops. Germany invades Soviet Union in June 1941. Germans planned for spring invasion—had no winter uniforms. Soviet counterattack in December 1941 put a gruesome end to Germany’s plan. First time in the war German army had been stopped.

  15. Japan at War..The Pacific Theater USA remained isolated and “neutral” until December 7, 1941…Japan attacks Pearl Harbor. Japan thought attack on Pearl Harbor would weaken America. Instead it unified America. Four days after Pearl Harbor, Germany declared war on the US. Spring 1942, Japan attacked and controlled much of the Pacific islands.

  16. Fyi-do not write. Pearl Harbor Casualties 188 aircraft destroyed 155 aircraft damaged, 2,345 military killed 1,247 military wounded 57 civilians killed 35 civilians wounded

  17. The Pacific Theater Fall 1942, US had two plans. 1. move into Philippines through New Guinea and South Pacific Islands. 2. “island-hopping” –strategy used by US to one by one take control of islands that put them closer to Japan. By the end of 1942, US was on the offense in the Pacific and Japan’s fortunes were fading.

  18. The Pacific Theater. Allies take control of the Pacific Theatre after Battle of Coral Sea (May 1942) and the Battle of Midway (June 1942). Battle of Midway (Sea)—5 Facts

  19. Half-Way Point in the War Fall 1942 Germany still holds the center of Europe. Italy is focusing on the Balkan peninsula and North Africa. Japan is losing control of the Pacific islands, but still controls much of China

  20. Half-Way Point in the War US – massive boost to Allied Powers. Took control in Pacific, advancements in North Africa, and provide support to the Soviet front. Soviet Union holding on, but losing many men. Britain and United Kingdom continuing to lead the Allied operation with the US. France split in two—Free France helping the Allies even with Germans in their country. Vichy France, Nazi puppet gov’t, helping the Axis. China still controlled by Japan. Suffering major destruction in northern Manchuria area.

  21. Allies take the Offensive in the European Theatre 1942-1944 The First Front: Soviet Union The Second Front: Mediterranean/North Africa The Third Front: Normandy, France

  22. The First Front:Soviet Union Hitler went in confident and left weakened. Stalingrad: August 1942-February 1943 Bloodiest most brutal battle in Soviet Union. Stalingrad Video (Land)—Five Facts.

  23. Battle for control over North Africa included Resources—OIL. Land—control of the Mediterranean and the Suez Canal. Main reason for Allies to focus on North Africa was to open a second front to take some German forces away from fighting the Soviets. Operation Torch: November 1942 North Africa Video—Five Facts. The Second Front:Med/North Africa

  24. The Allies Close In. 1943--Allied advances made from North Africa into Italy. Mussolini removed from office by Italians. Hitler sets up Nazi puppet gov’t in Italy. Allied forces battle against Germans resulting in heavy casualties. Rome falls to Allied forces June 4, 1944. Allies move to the Third Front..

  25. The Third Front: Normandy Goal: Move the Germans out of France and advance until Germany surrenders. D-Day: June 6, 1944 (D-Day video—5 facts) Eisenhower and allied forces planning D-Day since Fall of 1943. Began Third Front by crossing English Channel and invading beaches of Normandy. Effect—Downfall of German army. Beginning of the end for the European Theater.

  26. The end of the European Theater Allies met Soviets in Germany in April 1945. Mussolini killed April 28, 1945. Hitler commits suicide April 30, 1945. Germany surrenders May 7, 1945.

  27. Pacific Theater 1943-1945 Leyte Gulf (Oct 1944) Greatest naval battle of WWII Iwo Jima (Feb-March 1945) Allies captured small island. Okinawa (March-June 1945) Largest amphibious assault in Pacific Theater.

  28. Pacific Theatre, 1943-1945 Potsdam Declaration—July 26, 1945. Message sent to Japan from Allied leaders asking Japan to surrender or face destruction

  29. Pacific Theatre, 1943-1945 Japanese Mentality Die for the Empire. Being captured or surrendering is dishonorable. Kamikaze—Japanese suicide pilots crashed their planes into American ships, means “divine wind” Japanese willingness to fight to the death led to drastic plans for the U.S.

  30. Pacific Theatre, 1945 August 6, 1945—atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima 130,000 people killed instantly. Still Japan does not surrender. August 9, 1945—second bomb dropped on Nagasaki 74,000 people killed instantly. More will die, in both cities, in the future from radiation poisoning and other side effects. Aug 14, 1945—Japan surrenders. V-J Day (Victory over Japan) Joseph MacArthur—U.S. General & commander of the Pacific Theatre—accepted Japan’s surrender on Sept 2, 1945 aboard the USS Missouri. WWII is finally over.

  31. Holocaust Holocaust Packet: Read through and find things you did not already know.

  32. Holocaust Timeline 1933—concentration camp Dachau opens, Jews are targeted 1934—Hitler declares himself Fuhrer and now has all control 1935—Jews lose citizenship 1936—Jewish doctors barred from practicing 1937—Jewish schools closed, Jewish passports invalid 1938—Jews must carry i.d., 17,000 Jews forced to Poland, Kristallnacht—synagogues & shops destroyed, Jewish males sent to concentration camps, Jews expelled from schools, businesses must be given to Aryans. 1939—ghettos open to segregate Jews, Jews ordered to wear yellow badge with Star of David

  33. 1940—More Jews sent to concentration camps, WWII intensifies 1941—mass deportation of Jews begins, extermination camps open. 1942—plans for “final solution” discussed, Gas extermination begins. 1943—ghettos are liquidated, Jews sent to camps. 1944—continuation of death camps, concentration camps, few revolts attempted, death marches begin 1945—death marches continue, Hitler commits suicide, Germany surrenders, Camps are discovered by Allies, Nuremberg Trials begin.

  34. Holocaust • Nazism based on racism & anti-Semitism (anti Judaism) • Jews became Hitler’s scapegoat • Scapegoat—a person who is blamed or punished without cause • Holocaust—Hitler’s “final solution” was to eliminate the unwanted & to take care of “the Jewish problem”. • Mass slaughter of Jews, Poles, Slavs, Gypsies, communists, homosexuals, people with physical/mental disabilities, etc. • Genocide—deliberate attempt to wipe out an entire nation or group of people. • http://www.history.com/photos/remembering-the-holocaust/photo6#

  35. Holocaust Death Toll~10-13 million Total

  36. Holocaust Nazis ordered all Jews to live in ghettos. Nazis ordered deportations from ghettos. 1,000 people per day loaded in trains & sent to a concentration camp or a death camp. Prisoners forced to do hard physical labor, given tiny rations. Slept 3+ per wooden bunk (no mattress or pillow). Torture was common and death frequent. Auschwitz largest camp built. 1.1 million people were killed at Auschwitz.

  37. The Nazis killed approximately two-thirds of all Jews living in Europe. An estimated 1.1 million children were murdered. Babies were thrown in the air and shot into ditches for games for the soldiers. Dr. Mengele conducted cruel, inhumane experiments on Jewish people (torture: break bones until can't break and heal any more, surgeries with no pain relievers or medicines, etc.) Variety of goods made from “valuables” taken from prisoners (hair, gold teeth, gold rings, clothing made into pillows, furniture, etc.)

  38. Axis Death Toll

  39. Allied Death Toll

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