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ATHENS & SPARTA

ATHENS & SPARTA. Bell Work: On the LEFT is a map of Egypt, on the RIGHT is a map of Greece. 1. How does the TERRAIN differ between these 2 countries? 2. What effect might these differences have on how civilization developed there?. Terrain = The physical features of land.

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ATHENS & SPARTA

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  1. ATHENS & SPARTA

  2. Bell Work: On the LEFT is a map of Egypt, on the RIGHT is a map of Greece.1. How does the TERRAIN differ between these 2 countries? 2. What effect might these differences have on how civilization developed there? Terrain = The physical features of land.

  3. Organization in Greece • City-State = A city and its surrounding countryside • Small but fiercely independent • Unique Government • Unique Customs

  4. How did Athens get to be Athens?

  5. Athens Monarchy • It didn’t last long

  6. Aristocracy in Athens: 750-594 BC • Aristocracy = Rule by noble landowners • Overthrow King in 750 • Archon – chief official Groups demand change • Farmers - High Debt • Forced to sell their land to nobles • Some even sold THEMSELVES or their family into slavery to pay off debts • Merchants and soldiers • Argue their service to the city state entitles them to more power • Foreign artisans are upset that they can’t become citizens • They produce many of the goods Athens trades

  7. Solon: Archon in 594 BC • Reforms • Outlaws debt slavery • Freed those already in slavery • Opened high offices to more citizens • Granted citizenship to some foreigners • Creates an Athenian coin • Writes a law code • Issues remain • Citizenship is limited • Many positions in government are still only for wealthy landowners

  8. Tyrant = person who gains power by force Pisistratus – Tyrant 546-527BC • Protected by Athena? • Turns to Average Athenian for support • Undermines the aristocracy • Lowers taxes • Free loans to build up farms • Prosperity • More vineyards and olive trees • Food, fuel, trade • Art expands • Pottery • Potter very low on social scale • We highly value these works of art today – worth millions

  9. Evolution of Athenian Government 1. 750-594 BC Nobles seize power from King - Aristocracy 2. 594 BC Solon Archon reforms laws in Athens to help the average person 3. 546-527 BC Pisistratus Tyrant Lowers taxes. Free loans for farms Athens flourishes 6. 508 BC Isagarus Tyrant Banishes Cleisthenes using Sparta 5. 510 BC Cleisthenes Tyrant Banishes Hippias re-instates Pisistratus’s reforms 4. 527 -510 BC Hippias Tyrant Undoes Pisistratus’s reforms and is mentally unstable 7. 508 BC THE PEOPLE REVOLT! Isagarus banished 8. 507 BC Cleisthenes returns Direct Democracy is created in Athens

  10. Comparing Democracies Direct Democracy People have direct say Council of 500 Smaller decisions Males over 30 from 10 Tribes Assembly Bigger decisions All males over 30 not in council Only male citizens have a say Governed a small area, just one polis Republican Democracy People elect representatives who make choices for them Congress – make decisions together House of Representatives Senate All citizens above 18 have a vote Mostly for reps Sometimes for law approval Governs an enormous area Nation States Cities Athens US

  11. How does Sparta get to be Sparta?

  12. SPARTA • BACKGROUND • ORGANIZATION = “POLIS” • ECONOMICS = SLAVERY & MINIMUM TRADE (Iron currency) • GOVERNMENT = MONARCHY, ARISTOCRACY & DEMOCRACY COMBINED!!

  13. SPARTA • GOVERNMENT • DUAL KINGS • Led Army and Judiciary • SENATE (Aristocrats) • Elected through Assembly • 60 yrs old minimum • Initiated legislation • 5 EPHORS • Review decisions of the King

  14. SPARTA • GOVERNMENT cont. • ASSEMBLY • All males, 30+ • Met on days of full moon • Passed legislation • POLICE • Enforce policy • Spy and Kill at their discretion

  15. Government Oligarchy 2 Kings 5 Ephors Council Male citizens over 60 Assembly Spartan males over 30 Direct Democracy Elected officials Generals Magistrates Council of 500 Assembly Male citizens Sparta Athens No official role for women in either society

  16. Compare and Contrast Sparta vs. Athens

  17. Who would you choose? Helots = slaves Conquered foes Cruelly treated Did the work that allowed Sparta to be a military society MANY more of them than Spartan Citizens Food: Spartan Broth = pork, blood, salt and vinegar. Dislike luxuries and fancy foods. The men lived most of their lives in military barracks. Foreigners are barbarians Polytheistic Slaves = 25% of population Captured or purchased Laborers or servants Food:  Enjoyed luxuries and foods from all over their empire. Wealthy homes were quite nice with an inner courtyard. Foreigners are welcomed but seen as barbarians Polytheistic Sparta Athens

  18. Quick Write (hand in when finished) • Which type of society would you rather live in, Athens or Sparta? • Give 3 reasons WHY you chose that society. • Do you think the US is more like Sparta or Athens? • Give 2 examples that explain WHY we are more like them.

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