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Isaiah

Isaiah. The Fifth Gospel. Isaiah 1:1. The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, concerning Judah and Jerusalem which he saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah. Multiple author ?. Deutero theory Chapters 1-39 Chapters 40-66 Trito theory Chapters 1-39

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Isaiah

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  1. Isaiah The Fifth Gospel

  2. Isaiah 1:1 The vision of Isaiah the son of Amoz, concerning Judah and Jerusalem which he saw during the reigns of Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, and Hezekiah, kings of Judah.

  3. Multiple author ? • Deutero theory • Chapters 1-39 • Chapters 40-66 • Trito theory • Chapters 1-39 • Chapters 40-54 • Chapters 55-66

  4. theory • Time span • Isaiah lived from 740 -690 but chapters 40 -66 are dated 538 BC • Subject matter • 1-39 deal with assyria and judgement while 40-66 deal with babylon and redemtion • Style and word usage • Better poetry in 40-66 • Mention of King Cyrus

  5. Isaiah 1 A Microcosm of the Entire Book of Isaiah

  6. Chapters 1-6 • Opens with a synopsis of • judgement

  7. Isaiah 1:2-3 2 Listen, O heavens, and hear, O earth; For the LORD speaks, “Sons I have reared and brought up, But they have revolted against Me. 3 An ox knows its owner, And a donkey its master's manger, But Israel does not know, My people do not understand.”

  8. Isaiah 1:4 Literally “Seed of Evil Ones.” Alas, sinful nation, People weighed down with iniquity, Offspring of evildoers, Sons who act corruptly! They have abandoned the Lord, They have despised the Holy One of Israel, They have turned away from Him.

  9. Isaiah 1:10-11 10 Hear the word of the LORD, You rulers of Sodom; Give ear to the instruction of our God, You people of Gomorrah. 11 "What are your multiplied sacrifices to Me?" Says the LORD. "I have had enough of burnt offerings of rams, And the fat of fed cattle. And I take no pleasure in the blood of bulls, lambs, or goats.

  10. Isaiah 1:21 How the faithful city has become a harlot, She who was full of justice! Righteousness once lodged in her, But now murderers.

  11. Isaiah 1:26-27 26 Then I will restore your judges as at the first, And your counselors as at the beginning; After that you will be called the city of righteousness, A faithful city." 27 Zion will be redeemed with justice And her repentant ones with righteousness.

  12. 6 woes • Denounce oppressors who selfishly increase their estate at the expense of others. • Those who party their life away • Felt God was not at work

  13. 6 woes • Those who twist morals, calling good “bad” and bad “good” • Self exalted • Immoral opportunists who take bribes and gather in groups to take advantage of others

  14. Isaiah 6:1 In the year of King Uzziah's death, I saw the Lord sitting on a throne, lofty and exalted, with the train of His robe filling the temple.

  15. Isaiah 6:2-4 Seraphim stood above Him, each having six wings; with two he covered his face, and with two he covered his feet, and with two he flew. 3 And one called out to another and said, “Holy, Holy, Holy, is the LORD of hosts, The whole earth is full of His glory.” 4 And the foundations of the thresholds trembled at the voice of him who called out, while the temple was filling with smoke.

  16. Isaiah 6:5 Then I said, “Woe is me, for I am ruined! Because I am a man of unclean lips, And I live among a people of unclean lips; For my eyes have seen the King, the LORD of hosts.”

  17. Isaiah 6:6-7 Then one of the seraphim flew to me, with a burning coal in his hand which he had taken from the altar with tongs. 7 And he touched my mouth with it and said, “Behold, this has touched your lips; and your iniquity is taken away, and your sin is forgiven.”

  18. Child Motif • Shear-jashub (Isaiah 7:3) • Immanu-el (Isaiah 7:14; 8:8) • Maher-shalal-hash-baz (Isaiah 8:3) • Isaiah’s children (Isaiah 8:18) • The Royal Child (Isaiah 9:6-7).

  19. Isaiah 1-35

  20. Immanuel (chapter 7) • Historical setting – Assyria is threatening the known world. • Coalition – Pekah of Northern nation and Rezin of Syria want Ahaz of Southern nation to join against Syria • Isaiah warns Ahaz to trust only God. He makes a pact with Assyria • Isaiah 7:14 and Matthew 1:23

  21. Possible meanings • Christ alone is the meaning • Dual prophecy of his son and Christ • Hebrew word is not virgin but young woman and its not the birth but the name “God is with us” that’s important

  22. Chapter 9 • Messianic • Northern Israel would see great light • Wonderful • Counselor • Father of Eternity • Mighty God • Prince of Peace

  23. Chapters 9--12 • Chapter 9-10 • Judgments against Israel and Assyria • Chapter 11 -12 • Branch of Jesse • Chapters 13-23 • Woes against the nations (Babylon, Assyria, Edom, Egypt, philistines, Moab, Arabs, Tyre)

  24. Japheth Shem Ham

  25. Psalm 2 (1-3) • Why are the nations in an uproar and the peoples devising a vain thing? The kings of the earth take their stand And the rulers take counsel together against the LORD and against His anointed, saying, • "Let us break their chains," they say, "and throw off their fetters."

  26. Chapters 24-27 The Little Apocalypse • Earth’s destruction • God’s enemies destroyed • Judah is delivered

  27. Chapters 28-34 (Woes) • Pride and arrogance • God’s cornerstone • Spoke and acted as if they knew the lord • Trust in man • God will bring hope • Assyria ( world powers) will bow to God

  28. Themes • God is sovereign • God will Judge • God will redeem • God has his Servant • The Holy One of Israel • The messiah

  29. Historical Interlude Isaiah 36-39

  30. Isaiah 36:1 Now it came about in the fourteenth year of King Hezekiah, Sennacherib king of Assyria came up against all the fortified cities of Judah and seized them.

  31. Isaiah 37:36-37 36 Then the angel of the LORD went out, and struck 185,000 in the camp of the Assyrians; and when men arose early in the morning, behold, all of these were dead. 37 So Sennacherib, king of Assyria, departed and returned home, and lived at Nineveh.

  32. Taylor Prism • Discovered by Austen Henry Layard in 1847 • Sennacherib’s account of the campaign • “As for Hezekiah the Jew… Himself, like a caged bird, I shut up in Jerusalem, his royal city”

  33. Isaiah 40-66

  34. Themes of Isaiah • God’s people in captivity due to sin • God is sovereign • God will redeem

  35. Servant Theme • Alternatively: • Israel • Isaiah • The remnant • Messiah • Common theme – devoted of God fulfilling God’s purpose

  36. -2 "Comfort, O comfort My people," says your God. Isaiah 40:1 "Speak kindly to Jerusalem; And call out to her, that her warfare has ended, That her iniquity has been removed, That she has received of the LORD's hand Double for all her sins."

  37. Servant • Special purpose • God’s spirit rested on him • Quiet unassuming way • Matthew 12: 18 - 21

  38. 1 Behold, My Servant, whom I uphold; My chosen one in whom My soul delights. I have put My Spirit upon Him; He will bring forth justice to the nations. 2 He will not cry out or raise His voice, Nor make His voice heard in the street. Isaiah 42:1-2

  39. 3 A bruised reed He will not break, And a dimly burning wick He will not extinguish; He will faithfully bring forth justice. 4 He will not be disheartened or crushed, Until He has established justice in the earth; And the coastlands will wait expectantly for His law. Isaiah 42:3-4

  40. Chapters 43-52 • Deliverance from Babylon • Judgment of Babylon • Cyrus – my shepherd • Israel does not deserve God’s grace • God gives it anyway! • Have faith in deliverance

  41. Suffering Servant • God exalts • People reject • Suffers without protest • Suffers because of God’s plan • Who? • Prophet • Israel or remnant • Jesus

  42. Exaltation 52:13-15 Exaltation 53:10-12 Rejection 53:1-3 Rejection 53:7-9 Suffering 53:4-6

  43. Our griefs (53:4) He Himself bore (53:4) The Servant’s Remedy Israel’s Need • Our sorrows (53:4) • He carried (53:4) • For our transgressions (53:5) • He was pierced (53:5) • For our iniquities (53:5) • He was crushed (53:4) • For our well-being (53:5) • The chastening… fell upon Him (53:5)

  44. In need of healing (53:5) By His scourging (53:5) The Servant’s Remedy Israel’s Need • All we like sheep have gone astray (53:6) • The Lord has caused the iniquity of us all to fall on Him (53:6) • For the transgression of my people to whom the stroke was due (53:8) • He was cut off out of the land of the living (53:8)

  45. Chapters 54-59 • Celebration of return to Exile • A rebirth • Call to trust God and be in a relationship with Him • All nations ( Jew and non Jew to be a part) • Call to true righteousness • Fasting? • Sabbath?

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