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Are you a citizen?

Are you a citizen?. Jus Soli : by birth anywhere on land considered American soil. Jus Sanguinis : born on foreign soil but your parent is a U.S. citizen. Naturalization : process by which individuals who are not yet citizens become U.S. citizens. Act of Congress :

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Are you a citizen?

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  1. Are you a citizen? • Jus Soli: by birth anywhere on land considered American soil. • Jus Sanguinis: born on foreign soil but your parent is a U.S. citizen. • Naturalization: process by which individuals who are not yet citizens become U.S. citizens. • Act of Congress: can pass law naturalizing entire group ex. 1924 all Native Americans were made citizens. • Treaty: acquire new territory and make the people citizens. Ex. 1803 Louisiana Purchase

  2. Commonwealth of Puerto Rico • Area that is self-governing under a constitution of its adoption and whose right of self-government will not be unilaterally withdrawn by Congress • Part of the United States as a territory • The residents of Puerto Rico are United States citizens • They are represented in Congress by a Resident Commissioner with a voice but without a vote. • Residents of Puerto Rico generally do not pay federal income taxes (however, they pay Social Security, Medicare and Unemployment taxes) • Only required to file a U.S. federal income tax return if they have income sources outside of Puerto Rico. • They cannot vote in Presidential elections.

  3. Three step process to citizenship • Application-18 yrs of age, fingerprints,background check. • Examination-INS office, basic knowledge of history and government, speak some English. • Swearing In-Appear before a judge, take the oath of allegiance, receive a certificate.

  4. How can a person lose their citizenship? • Expatriation: banish a person from their native country, renounce their citizenship, or become citizen of foreign country. • Punishment for a crime: citizenship can be taken away for treason, inciting rebellion, or of conspiring to violently overthrow the government. • Denaturalization: lose citizenship if the federal government learns that a naturalized citizen obtained his citizenship through fraudulent means.

  5. Article II of the United States Constitution • No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States. • Do you agree with this provision?

  6. Immigration • Immigrant: individuals who live in the U.S. with intention of becoming naturalized. • Alien: individuals who live in the U.S. who may not intend to be citizens. • Enemy Aliens: countries with whom we are at war, usually made to register. Ex. Germans-WWI • Refugees: immigrants granted entry because their homeland is unsafe. • Illegal Aliens: enter the U.S. without a legal permit. • Xenophobia: unreasonable fear or hatred of foreigners

  7. Immigration: millions of people

  8. Immigration Timeline • 1882 Immigration Act passed-move to curb Chinese immigration • 1891 Immigration and Naturalization Service (U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services) • 1917 Literacy test introduced-xenophobia against Japanese • 1921 Quota Act-attempt to restrict immigrants from Eastern and Southern Europe

  9. Immigration Timeline • 1948 Displaced Persons Act (Post WWII) • 1952 McCarran-Walter Act-impose political views to keep out foreigners • 1965 Limit immigrants from the Western Hemisphere to 120,000 • 1980 Refugee Act-help adapt to society, admit in emergency • 1990 Curb illegal immigration, no longer limit for political views

  10. 1990 Immigration Law • Caps on extraordinary ability individuals ex. Arts and sciences • Caps on exceptional ability ex. Advanced degrees • Caps on skilled workers • Encourage family reunification

  11. 1996 Law • 5,000 new border agents • Use of wiretaps to halt document fraud and smuggling • Penalties for smuggling to include punish for each alien rather than incident • Deportation of legal immigrants if on federal assistance for 12 months • $12 million for border fencing

  12. Immigration • Do you think English should be the official language of the United States? • Should children of illegal immigrants be entitled to benefits and government social services such as medical care and disaster relief?

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