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IEA DHC Annex X – End of Annex Seminar Final results:

Explore the experiences and potential of low-temperature district heating in transition towards fourth-generation systems. Discover lessons from international projects and research on Legionella risk mitigation, heat distribution costs, and network efficiency.

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IEA DHC Annex X – End of Annex Seminar Final results:

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  1. IEA-DHCǀCHP Annex X: towards 4th generation district heating. Experiences with and potential of low-temperature district heating. IEA DHC Annex X – End of Annex Seminar Final results: Towards Fourth Generation District Heating: Experiences with and Potential of Low Temperature District Heating Stockholm 10 September 2014 Svend Svendsen, Technical University of Denmark (DTU)

  2. Initiation of the project • IEA DHC call in 2010 for proposals for Annex X including: • Low Temperature District Heating Application of project: Towards Fouth Generation District Heating: Experiences with and Potential of Low Temperature District Heating

  3. Aim of the project slide 3

  4. Project participants slide 4

  5. Collaboration between different participants • The Danish group contributed with concept of Low Temperature District Heating – and demonstration projects in low density low energy buildings • The UK group contributed with demonstration project and represented the new user of district heating • The Swedish group contributed with the concept of LTDH and experience from swedish program on energy efficient district heating and analysis of heat load density and heat sources • The German group contributed with expertise on Legionella bacteria and results from very large database on investigations of Legionella in large number of buildings

  6. Close link with other projects Low temperature district heating for future energy system IEA DHC Annex TS1 IEA DHC Annex XI Transformation roadmap from high to low temperature district heating system. IEA DHC Annex X EUDP project Danish Low-temperature district heating projects 4th Generation District Heating Research Center slide 6

  7. The evolution of 4 Generation DH Cited from the 4DH paper slide 7

  8. 4th Generation DH Concept slide 8

  9. Impetus for LTDH Development slide 9

  10. Advantages of LTDH slide 10

  11. Major research questions • What are the main advantages of LTDH? • What technology options are available for LTDH, and what are the associated challenges to consider? • How can the risk of Legionella be mitigated in LTDH? • What lessons can be learned from early LTDH projects? • What heat distribution costs are associated with LTDH? slide 11

  12. Structure of the IEA Report Case studies slide 12

  13. LTDH experiences 2 1 3 6 4 5 7 1. Lystrup, Denmark 2. Ackermannbogen, Germany 3. Okotoks, Canada 4. Chalvey, UK 5. Kırşehir, Turkey 6. Falkenberg, Sweden 7. Halmstad, Sweden slide 13

  14. Major conclusions • Distribution cost: acceptablecapitalcosts and acceptableheatlossesofdistributioncanbeachieved for low-energybuildingswithlowspecific heat demands, ifthesebuildingsareconcentrated in urban areas. • Strategic energy planning: DH network expansion can run parallel with building energy conservation. Investment of renewable generation capacity can be reduced if it can be based on energy conservation in buildings. • DHW supply: - It is possible to supply DHW based on low-tempeature district heating. - For single family houses with less than 3 liters DHW in pipes no special treatment for Legionella is needed. - For multi-family buildings flat stations can be a good solution - Further investigation is required with general solutions for low-temperature DHW supply without the risk of Legionella • ctivities, as well as main contents of the project participants, interlink with other relevant 4th generation district heating activities, as well as main contents of the project slide 14

  15. Major conclusions • LTDH Supply to residential buildings: - It is possible to supply LTDH to low-energy building and low heat density area - For existing buildings, it is possible to supply LTDH without major building renovation • LTDH Network - energy efficient network can be accomplished by use of low temperatures in existing network and further improved in new network by use of improved pipe insulation, small diameter pipe, improved network hydraulics - reduction of thermal bypass loss and better cooling af the district heating water can improve network operation • Heat sources - It is questionable if biomass can be the dominating fuel for DH in the future - Future DH systems tend to change from current highly hierarchical, large scale toward small scale, more flexible and controllable decentralized heat generation. - Future network can use ultra-low temperature heat sources • ctivities, as well as main contents of the project participants, interlink with other relevant 4th generation district heating activities, as well as main contents of the project slide 15

  16. Thank you for your attention! Contact: Svend Svendsen and Hongwei Li Email: ss@byg.dtu.dk, hong@byg.dtu.dk

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