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Sociology: Chapter 8 Sec 1

Sociology: Chapter 8 Sec 1. “Deviance and Social Control” “Deviance” Standards: 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8.1. The Nature of Deviance. Deviance : Behavior that violates significant social norms

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Sociology: Chapter 8 Sec 1

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  1. Sociology: Chapter 8 Sec 1 “Deviance and Social Control” “Deviance” Standards: 7.1, 7.2, 7.4, 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8.1

  2. The Nature of Deviance • Deviance: Behavior that violates significant social norms • Since all the rules cannot be taught to everyone or followed by everyone, deviance is unavoidable • Who is Deviant? • Someone who takes part in deviant action “Over and Over”

  3. Labeled Deviance • In order for a person to be “labeled” as deviant, he/ she must… • 1. First, be caught • 2. Must be Stigmatized: Stigma: A mark of social disgrace • Ex: PUBLIC HUMILIATION • -”Bad” student, kid, and etc • -Inmate clothing • -Jewish people had to wear Star of David during WWII

  4. Social Functions of Deviance • Emile Durkheim: The Rules of the Sociological Method • 1. Clarify Norms: What is right and wrong • 2. Unify the Group: “Us Against them” • 3. Diffuse Tension: Break “small” rule w/o hurting society; (Public Protests) • 4. Identify Problems: What areas need help • 5. Provide Jobs: Police, Courts, Corrections • Criminologists: Social scientists who study criminal behavior

  5. Explaining Deviance: Theoretical Approaches • Functionalist Perspective: Robert K. Merton • Structural Strain Theory: Deviance is a natural outgrowth of the values and norms of society • Anomie: According to Durkheim, this occurs when the norms of a society are unclear or obsolete

  6. Merton’s Theory of Individual Responses to Legitimate Means of Achieving Culturally Approved Goals: See Chart: P. 180 • 1. Conformity: Non deviant response: Accept the goals and means to reach them • Ex: Accept American Capitalism • 2. Innovation: Accepts goals; Rejects ways to reach goals • Ex: Accept idea of “making money” sell drugs to achieve goal • 3. Ritualism: Reject Goal; Uphold means to reach it • 4. Retreatism: Reject goal and means to reach it • Ex: Hermit • 5. Rebellion: Reject/Replace goals and means • Ex: Revolutionary Movement

  7. Conflict Perspective on Deviance • Conflict Theory: Richard Quinney • Competition and social inequality leads to deviant behavior • Some turn to deviance to reach “goals” of society: Low self esteem; Feel Powerless • Quinney: “The ruling class ‘labels’ any behavior that threatens their power base as deviant” • That is why lower classes have a higher rate of conviction

  8. Interactionist Perspective • Three Explanations • 1. Control Theory: Durkheim (Influenced) • -Deviance: Natural Occurance • -Conformity: Product of Social Control • 2. Cultural Transmission Theory: • -Deviance is learned through interaction w/ deviant individuals • -Differential Association: Edwin Sutherland • a person who interacts with deviant individuals more likely to become deviant • Travis Hirschi: People who are non deviant, have strong social connections and have no time to commit deviant behavior • 3. Labeling Theory: Previously Discussed

  9. Interactionist • Techniques of Neutralization: • People suspend their moral beliefs to commit deviant acts • -denying responsibility: “Devil made me do it” • -denying injury: Feeling “Immortal” • -denying the victim: unempathetic • -condemning authorities and claiming a “higher loyalty”

  10. Labeling Theory • How are people identified as deviant • 1. Primary Deviance: non conformity that goes undetected • 2. Secondary Deviance: Individual detected and labeled as deviant by society • -John Wayne Gacy • 3. Degradation Ceremony: Harold Garfinkel • -public setting (trial) • -person is found guilty, denounced, and labeled as deviant (Sentencing) Read p. 178, 183, and 186

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