Noel Vietmeyer U.S. National Academy of Sciences

1. Noel VietmeyerU.S. National Academy of Sciences “Although few people have heard of it today, Moringa could soon become one of the world’s most valuable plants, at least in humanitarian terms.” -1992

2. GreenPowerWorldwide Self sustainable way of living and farming Presentation

3. African GREEN Developments (Pty) Ltd. Exclusive Agent in Africa for Green Power Worldwide™ Reg. No.: 2006/027945/07, VAT- 9166387168. P.O.Box 2220. Bromhof 2154.    Shield House, Hawken Av. Bromhof, Randburg, 2195, Gauteng, South Africa. Tell: 27 11 2387809, Fax: 0865860886, Cell: 27 82 2647781 *  leon@gp-worldwide.com, Skype: badajozinv * www.greenpower-worldwide.com,

7. 12 years ago, very few projects and studies were being done with Moringa in Africa

8. Today, there are many organizations, churches, and individuals promoting or using Moringa in virtually every country in sub-Saharan Africa – wherever the tree can grow

9. In some countries, the number of NGO’s involved with Moringa has become so great that national associations of Moringa promoters have been created

10. Growing African interest in Moringa is also reflected in African presentations at international Moringa workshops 2001 WORKSHOP International presenters: 8+ African presenters: 1 2006 WORKSHOP International presenters: 13 African presenters: 20+

11. Part of Green Farm projects

12. MORINGA HEALTH DEVELOPMENTS

13. AVRDC: The World Vegetable Center

14. AVRDC REPORT Variation among 10 M.oleifera accessions for nutrient contents were small and thus varietal selection should focus on horticulture traits.

17. AVRDC REPORT ON NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY • Mature leaves were more nutritious than young shoots and could be quickly dried with minimum nutrient loss. • We found that harvest season and leaf stage significantly influenced nutrient contents of Moringa leaves. Higher protein, vitamin A and glucosinolates contents and AOA (antioxidant activities) were obtained in hot-wet season; whereas, higher iron, vitamin C, and phenolic contents were found in cool-dry season.

18. AVRDC REPORT ON NUTRIENT BIOAVAILABILIY Oligosaccharides and oxalate were reported as anti-nutrient factors in Moringa leaves. . . In this study, stachyose and raffinose were not found in mature leaves but detected in young leaves. . . Moringa mature leaves contained very low value of oxalate (0.99±0.21mg/g/dw) compared to spinach (25-45mg/g/dw).

19. AVRDC REPORT ON IRON BIOAVAILABILITY Boiling in water enhanced the in vitro iron bioavailability of Moringa fresh leaves and dried powder by 3.5 and 3 times, respectively. Cooking Moringa leaves also raised total available iron of mixtures with other food items such as mungbeans.

21. AVRDC RECOMMENDATIONS Our survey of over 120 species of tropical and subtropical edible plants for nutrient content, antioxidant activity (AOA) and crop traits indicated that Moringa oleifera is one of the most promising crops which could increase intake of micronutrients and antioxidants.

22. AVRDC RECOMMENDATION Moringa should be promoted for greater consumption to improve nutrition and strengthen immune functions for fighting infectious diseases.

23. MORINGAHEALTH AND MEDICINE

24. CLINICAL STUDIES A study in India with human diabetics found that blood sugar levels decreased through daily intake of Moringa leaf powder. A study with humans in Ghana indicated that intake of Moringa leaf powder can decrease hypertension. A study in the Philippines found that consumption of Moringa fruit can increase sperm count.

25. TRADITIONAL REMEDIES • New treatments from seminars in Ghana March 2008 by ANAMED: • Many people said that Moringa had helped greatly to improve their general health. Some said that their short sight had improved. • Cuts and woundsPound fresh leaves into a paste. Cover the wound with this paste, bandage and leave for 3 days.

26. A woman has given birth and is bleeding.Pound fresh leaves, add a little water and give it her to drink. Prevention of polio. Give flowers to children to eat to prevent polio. Chronic sores.Take some roots, wash them and scrape the outside layer off. Heat in water. Use the water to wash the wound. Then dress as number 1.

27. Epilepsy.Pound the bark or the roots of a mature tree. Add tender leaves and a little water. Smear this paste over the face and the whole body. Also put a little of the pounded root in a handkerchief and inhale. To bring fever down.Dip a Moringa branch into water and stroke the whole body. Then give Moringa tea to drink.

28. Snake and scorpion bites.Pound the root, add leaves and apply to the bite. Stops the poison from spreading. Short sight.Wash the flowers in salt water, chew and swallow. Take three times daily. Or cook the flowers in palm oil.

29. To cleanse the blood.Wash the root and remove the bark (not the “bast”, i.e. the inner layer immediately under the bark that carries the sap from the roots to the leaves). Put into water that has just boiled and has been removed from the heat. The water changes colour. Mix with a few Moringa leaves. Thereafter, take every day take Moringa leaves in water.

30. Clear thinking for school children – especially under-performing children.Wash Moringa root, remove the bark and soak in water for two days until the water changes color (brown / pink) (or as 10 above). Remove the roots, take one cup of the liquid and mix with half a cup of honey. Give to the child first thing in the morning – then he should have no breakfast until 9 o'clock. He can even take it again in the evening. Prepare this root water fresh every day. Note: heating Moringa causes it to lose it healing properties.

31. Severe stomach-achePound two seeds and take with medicinal charcoal. Stomach painsChew and eat two seed kernels and drink a cup of water. Arthritis painsChew and eat two seed kernels in the morning and two again at night.

32. The use of Moringa oleifera seed as a natural coagulant for water and wastewater treatment COAGULANT Crushed seed used traditionally to clarify turbid waters at individual/household treatment level in the Sudan and Kenya Successfully used at pilot and full scale in conventional water treatment works in Malawi Applicable to the contact flocculation-filtration process for relatively low turbidity waters Presscake remaining after oil extraction also effective as a coagulant Potential for use as an aid to primary sedimentation of wastewaters Potential for use in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors for wastewater treatment

33. Water purification using Moringa seeds: Fig 1. Dirty water Fig 2. Dirt sinks to bottom Fig 3. Cleaned water after 1 hour

34. Conclusions Promotion and development of M.oleifera as a natural coagulant offers many diverse advantages to many countries of the developing world; sustainable, appropriate, effective and robust water treatment, effective enhancement of particular wastewater treatment processes, decreased reliance on the importation and distribution of treatment chemicals, the creation of a new cash crop for farmers and employment opportunities. Many technical and economic issues remain to be resolved with regard to the extraction and purification of the active components within the seed kernel.

35. MORINGA LIVESTOCK FEED

36. Successful experiences on the use of Moringa oleifera in animal feeding

37. Treatments 6 COWS T1: Hay (B brizantha), sugar cane molassas (SCM) T2: Hay + SCM + 2kg DM (Dry Moringa) T3: Hay + SCM + 3kg DM 36 PIGS (45 days old) T1: 100% Commercial Concentrate (CC) T2: 70% CC + 30% DM T3: 52% CC + 48% DM

38. Treatments 18 SHEEP 5 months old T1: Panicum Maximum hay ad libitum T2: P.M. ad libitum + 0.35kg DM T3: P.M. ad libitum + 0.50kg DM

39. Results

40. Cow trial results FCM (Fat Corrected Milk 4%), MF (Milk Fat)

41. Pig Trial Results

42. Sheep Trial Results DMI (Dry Matter Intake), DWG (DAily Weigth Gain)

43. Conclusions M. Oleifera fed at 2-3 Kg DM day -1 improved DMI and Milk Yield in Cows. Pigs fed with M. Oleifera had less AWG and more Feed Conversion than fed with CC. However, feeding M oleifera to pigs may still be profitable due to the lower feed price. This needs to be further investigated. When fed P. maximun as basal diet M. Oleifera can increase DMI, DWG and BW of lambs.

44. MORINGASEEDOIL

45. Moringa oil • The seeds of Moringa yield a 38-40% edible oil known as Ben Oil. This oil is relatively easy to extract using simple household technology and can be used/sold for a huge variety of uses: cooking (it is colorless, odorless and resists rancidity), cosmetics (it has properties which are very nourishing for the skin), perfumes, massages, aromatherapy, oiling machinery, making soap and it has even been speculated that it could be used as a biofuel. It is one of the most stable oils in nature and does not go rancid, having a shelf life of up to 5 years. Therefore, extracting Ben Oil from Moringa seeds has a lot of potential commercially for communities in developing countries. • There is already an increasing demand for Moringa oil in the west, where it is recognized as a luxury aromatherapy oil.

46. Moringa oil We can offer Moringa oil and Moringa Leaf Powder. Please let us know where you want the product to be delivered.  Moringa Exports

47. Culinary uses

48. MORINGAENERGY

50. MORINGA OIL FOR BIOFUEL? • In the Philippines, SECURA International announced that Moringa trees will be grown on 500,000 hectares to supply oil for sale to North American Biofuels, SECURA plans to export 150 million gallons of Moringa oil annually. • In Australia, is establishing Moringa plantations on 500,000 hectares. Moringa Farm is in discussion with Biodiesel Technology operators for the provision of a 2ML per annum biodiesel pilot facility to enable on-farm processing.