Europe: Feudalism

1. Europe: Feudalism Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

2. Background • Roman Empire • 3rd and 4th Century Pope • Martyrs • Peter • Inspiration • Barbarians • Constant threat • Roman Man’s Duty • Apostates and Apologists • Emperor Diocletian • Constantine • Successor • Vision • Sun God – Mithras • Edict of Milan • Byzantium • Constantinople • Threats

3. Background • Arius of Alexander • Heresy • Council of Nicaea • St. Nicholas • Split • Western and Eastern Roman Empire • 476 AD • Gothic Tribes • Ostrogothic King • Emperor in Constantinople • Western part of the empire • Allowed Barbarians to occupy • Taxes • Ostrogoth’s • Theodoric • Pope • Conversion

4. I. The New Germanic Kingdoms • Destroy all that is "Roman" • Visigoths • Roman Govt.

5. II. The Kingdom of the Franks • Long-lasting • Clovis • Conversion

6. III. Germanic Society • Family • Wergild • "money for a man" • Ordeal • trial by Cold Water • trial by Hot Iron • trial by Hot Water • trial by Host (if defendant was a priest)

7. IV. The Role of the Church • Organization of the Church • Priest • Bishop (dioceses) • Archbishop (Bishop of Rome) • Gregory I • Papal States

8. C. The Monk and Missions a. St. Benedict b. Ora et Labora D. Monasteries a. abbot b. Monks = heroes of Christian Civilization

9. V. Charlemagne • Downfall of the Frankish Kingdom • Pepin • The Carolingian Empire • Roman Emperor • An Intellectual Renewal

10. Section 2 Feudalism

11. I. Invaders • The Carolingian Empire Falls Apart • Invasions • Muslims • Magyars • Vikings • love of adventure and war • Dragon Ships

12. II. Feudalism • Development • Knights & Vassals • fief • Feudal Contract • relationship between lord and vassal • The Nobility of the Middle Ages • love of warfare • chivalry • Aristocratic Women

13. Section 3 The Growth of European Kingdoms

14. I. England in the Middle Ages • Angels & Saxons • The Norman Conquest • October 14, 1066 • William of Normandy • Battle of Hastings • Bayeux Tapestry • Domesday Book

15. C. Henry II a. Common Law System b. Conflict with Thomas a' Becket c. Magna Carta d. Parliament

16. II. The French Kingdom • The Capetian Dynasty • Hugh Capet • Philip II Augustus • Estates General • Clergy • Nobles • Everyone else

17. III. Holy Roman Empire • Otto I • Defeted the Magyars in 955 • "Emperor of the Romans” – Pope John XII • Struggles in Italy • Frederick I and Frederick II • Effect on the Empire

18. IV. Central & Eastern Europe • Slavic People • Western Slavs • Poland and Bohemian Kingdoms • Christianity • Southern & Eastern Slavs • Cyril and Methodius • Orthodox Christianity • Glagolitic Alphabet - Cyrillic

19. V. Develoment of Russia • Viking Influence • Named Rulers “Rus” • Kievan Rus • Viking leader Oleg • Settled in Kiev • Orthodox Christianity • 1169- civil war and invasion • Mongol Rule • 13th Century Mongols • Alexander Nevsky – Khan - Moscow

20. Section 4: The Byzantine Empire & the Crusades

21. I. The Reign of Justinian • Constantinople • Old eastern part of the Roman Empire • Survived – Islamic Forces • "Reestablish" the Roman Empire • Justinian • Empire – Italy, Spain, Asia Minor, Palestine, and Syria • The Body Civil Law • Codification of Roman Law • Sole Source of Law

22. II. From Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire • Justinian • Problems with the Empire • Threat from Arabs • Rise of United Arab groups • Transition to Byzantine Empire • Eastern Roman Empire – Balkans and Asia Minor • Both Christian and Greek • Orthodox Church/ Emperor - Control • Life in Constantinople • Trade • Building • Hagia Sophia "The Church of Holy Wisdom"

23. Hagia Sophia

24. III. New Heights and New Problems • The Macedonians • Ruled from 867-1081 • Trade • 1054 • Split Eastern Ortodox and Roman Catholic • Pope Leo IX and Michael Cerularius • Seljuk Turks • 1071 – Manzkert – Alexius I • Crusades • Background to Conflict • Pope Urban II • Holy War – Religion, Fame and Fortune

25. IV. The Crusades