2214 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85004 p 602.258.4822, f 602.258.4825

1. 2214 North Central Avenue, Phoenix, Arizona 85004 p 602.258.4822, f 602.258.4825 www.itcaonline.com

2. Pesticide Safety:Read the Label First

3. What is a Pesticide? • Any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or mitigating any pest. • Any substance or mixture of substances intended for use as a plant regulator, defoliant, or desiccant. • Any nitrogen stabilizer

4. What is a Pesticide? • A product is likely to be a pesticide if the labeling or advertising • Makes a claim to prevent, kill, destroy, mitigate, remove, repel, or any other similar action against any pest. • Indirectly states or implies an action against a pest. • Pictures a pest on the label

5. What is a Pesticide? • Pesticides is an “umbrella” term, killing of pests • Suffix “cide” means killer or the act of killing in Latin term • Insecticide • Rodenticide • Fungicide • Algaecide • Termiticide • Herbicide • Miticide

6. Active Ingredients • Active ingredients are the chemicals in a pesticide product that act to control the pests. Active ingredients must be identified by name of the pesticide product’s label together with its percentage by weight. • Often, the active ingredients make up a small portion of the whole product.

7. Active Ingredients • There are several categories of an active ingredient: • Conventional, which are all ingredients other than biological pesticides and antimicrobial pesticides (synthetic). • Antimicrobial, which are substances or mixtures of substances used to destroy or suppress the growth of harmful microorganisms whether bacteria, viruses, or fungi on inanimate (not alive) objects and surfaces. • Biopesticides, which are types of ingredients derived from certain natural materials, e.g., canola oil, baking soda

8. Inert Ingredients • Combines with active ingredients to make a pesticide product • Inerts are chemicals, compounds, and other substances, including common food commodities, e.g., spices, herbs, coloring, beeswax, cellulose, fragrance • Act as a solvent to help the active ingredient penetrate a plant’s leaf surface • Improve the ease of application by preventing caking or foaming • Extend the product’s shelf-life • Improve safety of the applicator • Protect the pesticide from degradation due to exposure to sunlight

10. Bleach is a common name for products that contain sodium hypochlorite. It may be a pesticide, a cleaner, or both. Bleach as a pesticide Bleach as a cleaner As a general-purpose cleaner or whitening agent, bleach is used on household surfaces and laundry. In this case, it is not acting as a pesticide so it does not require an EPA registration number. Pest-killing instructions will not be included on the label. Not recommended to use chlorine-bleach • As a pesticide, bleach is used to disinfect surfaces. The label will include specific directions about how to use the produce effectively. There will be an EPA registration number on the container.

11. Bleach vs Chlorine The basic difference between chlorine and bleach is that chlorine is a natural element, while bleach is a solution of many elements. Common household laundry bleach is sodium hypochlorite. It's an eye and skin irritant, which is why swimming pool water can make your eyes burn. When mixed with ammonia, bleach releases chloramine gas, which is extremely toxic. Chlorine is used to make bleach and it’s an active ingredient in bleach. Bleach is any chemical that is used in order to remove color, disinfect or whiten objects.

12. Disinfectants Many disinfectants require the use of protective gloves when using. Dirt, food ,debris, and litter can reduce the effectiveness of the disinfectant, and should be removed prior to the use of the disinfectant with a wet or dry cloth. Whether disinfectants are used in a medical or residential setting, they may not be used on surfaces that come in contact with food until the residual disinfectant is removed.

13. Foggers/Bed Bug Bombs Fail to reach places where bugs/pests congregate

14. Dog/Cat Flea Collars • Are they safe or dangerous? • Collar, band of plastic embedded with pesticides • Work as tick/flea repellents • Spread over the pet in the natural oils of the hair, coat and skin • Some pet owners claimed they were ineffective, cause skin irritation, even death • Read the label. How long is it effective? 5 months? 8 months? • Do not use on puppies less than 2 months old • Do not let children handle the collar • Wear gloves, wash hands afterwards • Humans cannot wear flea collars!

15. Why Read the Label? • To protect your family, community, pets, and the environment • Prevent accidents from occurring • Ensure proper and legal use of the chemical/pesticide • Ensure proper storage/disposal • Know the appropriate number to call in case of emergency

16. How many times should you read the label? • The label should be read at least 4 times • before purchasing the pesticide • before mixing/loading the pesticide • before applying the pesticide • before storage and disposal

17. Ensure you are using the right product Ensure you purchase the right amount Read all directions on the label Before application, remove children and their toys Use correct amount Use proper Personal Protective Equipment (as recommended on the label) Wash your hands after handling product Locate the emergency or poison control number on the label Proper Use ofPesticides or Other Household Chemicals

18. Brand Name Company Name/Manufacturer Active Ingredient (s) Inert Ingredients EPA Registration Number Signal Words (LD50 activity) First Aid Instructions Precautionary Statements Personal Protective Equipment Environmental Hazards Let’s Read the Label (activity)

19. Pesticide labels prominently display a Signal Word that tells the user how toxic the pesticide is and its effect Toxicity Categories for Labeling Pesticides Category 1 pesticide, highly toxic, can cause irreversible injury, may not be used without pesticide applicators permit. Category II pesticide, moderately toxic, can cause severe skin or eye irritation. Hazardous if you get it into your eyes. Category III, lox toxicity, irritation clears in 72 hours or less Hazardous is you swallow more than an ounce

20. LD= Lethal Dose The amount that will kill one half of the test population the smaller the amount, the higher the toxicity Expressed as the milligrams of pesticides per kilograms of body weight of the test animal (mg/kg) Researches usually determine the LD/50 of a pesticide for exposures to the skin or by swallowing LD50

22. Brand Name Company Name/Manufacturer Active Ingredient (s) Inert Ingredients EPA Registration Number Signal Words (LD50 activity) First Aid Instructions Precautionary Statements Personal Protective Equipment Environmental Hazards Let’s Read the Label (activity)

23. What are the Four Routes of Entry? 1. EYES / OCULAR 2. NOSE / INHALATION 3. SKIN / DERMAL 4. MOUTH / INGESTION

24. Acute and Chronic Symptoms

25. Prevent Accidents Reclose container if your use of a pesticide or other household chemical is interrupted Remove it from children’s reach Always use household products in child-resistant packaging

26. Bath and kitchen disinfectants and sanitizers, including bleach Roach sprays and baits Insect repellents Rat and other rodent poisons Weed killers Flea and tick shampoos, powders and dips for pets Swimming pool chemicals Keep these Common Household Pesticides out of Children’s Reach

27. Always store pesticides and other household chemicals out of children’s reach-preferably in a locked cabinet Proper Storage

28. Always keep pesticides or chemicals in their original container Proper Storage

29. Be aware of ground or aerial applications near schools, day cares and parks where children may play Pesticide Applications

30. How a chemical is “packaged” can make a difference in toxicity. The same chemical in liquid concentrate, dust, ready-mixed or covered baits will have differing toxicities due to the active ingredient being in different concentrations. Understanding pest biology can tell you about which product may be most effective. Spraying worker ants in your kitchen contaminates the kitchen and is not effective because the source of the ants has not been eliminated. Read labels carefully and decide if you want to use the product in questions. Be a Discriminating Consumer When Buying Pesticide Products

31. What are green cleaners? • Lower toxicity • No cancer-causing ingredients or asthmagens • Not corrosive to eyes or skin • Wont pollute air or deplete ozone layer • Wont kill fish • Will biodegrade • Low phosphorous • Package is recyclable • Available as concentrate • Limits on fragrances used • Certain ingredients prohibited, e.g., phthalates • Vendor training available

32. To prevent the spread of pesticides, it is best to mix the chemicals in an enclosed area. False Mixing pesticides indoors can intensify the risk of exposure to toxic chemicals. It is advisable to buy the exact amount of pesticides needed for the job in order to prevent the storage of harmful chemicals. It is important to follow the correct storage instructions mentioned on the label. Keep pesticides, and any equipment used to apply them, in a locked cabinet that is well-ventilated, away from children, pets, medicine, food, and toiletries. Never reuse a pesticide container. Pesticide Use Quiz

33. How can employers help lower the rate of pesticide exposure? Through comprehensive training on each chemical and educating workers about their rights By letting workers learn about the risks on the job By not letting workers know that they are working with toxic chemicals Through short training sessions every 2 years Pesticide Use Quiz

34. What is the best way to prevent pesticide exposure? Wear the same pair of clothes to work every day Apply first aid in case of exposure Use personal protective equipment Clean-up spills immediately The most effective way to prevent pesticide exposure is by ensuring that the workers adhere to proper PPE depending on the exposure and toxicity of the chemicals. Pesticide Use Quiz

35. The correct method of disposing of pesticides is by Burying the chemicals in the ground Pouring the chemicals in the sink Flushing the chemicals down the toilet None of the above Follow the exact disposal instructions on the label to get rid of leftover pesticides and empty containers. Adhering to proper disposal guidelines can protect the environment by keeping toxic chemicals out of waterways. Pesticide Use Quiz

36. If exposed to pesticides, you must Get first aid treatment immediately Change your clothing Take some medicine at home Leave it. This happens frequently anyway Remove contaminated clothing and wash your skin with running water, rinse eyes, and seek fresh air from the pesticide treatment area. Make sure that you keep the contact details of the local poison information center or hospital on hand and contact them immediately. Pesticide Use Quiz

37. Acute pesticide exposure can lead to Dizziness and nausea Seizures and death Rash and eye irritation Headaches Pesticide exposure can lead to short and long-term illness. Rash, eye irritation, dizziness, nausea and vomiting, and headaches are caused by acute (immediate) pesticide exposure. More serious acute effects include breathing difficulty, seizures, loss of consciousness and even death. Pesticide Use Quiz

38. How is one exposed to pesticides? Ingestions Inhalation Contact with skin, eyes, and mucous membranes All of the above Though pesticides are meant for pest control, when not used properly, the chemicals can harm humans, animals, or the environment. When a person comes in contact with a pesticides, the pesticide can enter the body through ingestions, inhalation, or contact with skin, eyes and mucous membranes. Pesticides can enter the body through food and water. Pesticide Use Quiz

39. What are the four routes of entry? eyes/ocular nose/inhalation skin/dermal mouth/ingestion Pesticide Use Quiz

40. How many times should one read a pesticide label? four times Pesticide Use Quiz

42. Thank you Africa Dorame-Avalos, Pesticide Program Manager Inter Tribal Council of Arizona Office Number: (602) 258-4822 Email: africa.dorame-avalos@itcaonline.com www.itcaoniline.com