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Struggles for Safe Mining and Sustainable Development

Struggles for Safe Mining and Sustainable Development. ANROAV 2007, AMRC, Hongkong. R.Sreedhar Trustee, Environics Trust Convenor, mines minerals & PEOPLE, Delhi. Mining in India.

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Struggles for Safe Mining and Sustainable Development

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  1. Struggles for Safe Mining and Sustainable Development ANROAV 2007, AMRC, Hongkong R.Sreedhar Trustee, Environics Trust Convenor, mines minerals & PEOPLE, Delhi

  2. Mining in India • The problem of people in mining is manifold. The destruction of the preexisting habitat for the mining industry undermines the possibility to look for alternatives • The Mining Industry is wide spread and severe adverse impacts are visible from small scale rat hole mining and stone quarrying to large open cast and deep underground mines.

  3. Mining in India • The social and political implication of mining assumes far reaching implication when this principal mineral wealth lies in the most forested regions and those homelands traditionally inhabited by dalit and adivasi.

  4. THE SITUATION • THE GOVERNMENTS ARE UNWILLING TO LOOK AT OTHER OPTIONS AND ALTERNATIVES • ARE PROGRESSIVELY BINDING THEMSELVES TO SYSTEMS THAT HAVE FAILED • FOR ANY SOVERIEGN GOVERNMENT THE `SECTORS’ OF THE ECONOMY HAVE NO MEANING, ITS FOCUS MUST BE WELFARE OF PEOPLE

  5. THE OVERALL SITUATION • COMMUNITIES ARE POOR AND WEAK • GOVERNMENTS ARE OPRESSIVE, YET THEY ARE LEGITIMATE • THE MARKET OR INDUSTRY IS OVERPOWERING

  6. THE SITUATION • LOCAL COMMUNITIES ARE CONSTRAINED AND BOUND AT MULTIPLE LEVELS THROUGH VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS • ECONOMIC • SOCIAL • CULTURAL

  7. CONFRONTING THE REALITY • PEOPLE ALL OVER HAVE BEEN MISLED BY FALSE INFORMATION FROM THE INDUSTRY AND PROMOTING GOVERNMENTS • INDUSTRY WANTS TO TALK ON GENERAL ISSUES AND DESISTS FROM ANY COMMITMENTS ON MINING SPECIFIC ISSUES • GOVERNMENTS AND CIVIL SOCIETY SHOULD ATLEAST REACH RIGHT INFORMATION TO THE COMMUNITIES

  8. The beneficiaries • Investors and Investment Bankers • Owners and Managers • Politicians and Contractors • Consultants • Reclaimers!

  9. Who’s paying the costs? • Local Communities • Workers • Local Environment • Ecosystem • Small Investors

  10. Minerals for What? • FROM DIAMOND-STUDS TO CRUISE MISSILES • METALS AND FUELS FROM NATURE FOR NOW AND IN FUTURE

  11. KEY SEGMENTS • GOVERNMENTS • MARKETS • COMMUNITIES

  12. STATE • Multi Level • Element of Global Processes • National Policy & Federal Government • State Governments • Local Self-Governing Institutions • Deepening Sectoralism • Political Uncertainty

  13. SECTORAL GOVERNANCE BINDS • SECTORALISATION • ECONOMIC • ADMINISTRATIVE • DISCIPLINARY • MINERAL NEEDS • DOMESTIC • INDUSTRIAL • MILITARY

  14. GOVERNMENT’S FOCUS • MINERAL AVAILABILITY • BALANCE OF LIFE • `EQUITY OIL’, now COAL also • ATTEMPT AT FORECASTING? • EXTENDING OUR HEGEMONY • MINERAL ECONOMICS • VALUE • INCOMES

  15. MINING INDUSTRY • COMPLEX STRUCTURE OF TRANSACTIONS • MINERAL IMPORTS AND EXPORTS • DOWNSTREAM ACTIVITIES • EMPLOYMENT

  16. Market is Oligopolistic • Ten Large Mining MNCs control nearly 90% • Progressively Greater Consolidation • Push Policies to suit commercial interests • Alienated with Larger Community

  17. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES • COMPLEX OWNERSHIP STRUCTURES • MAJORS • SUBSIDAIRIES • JVS • STRATEGIC STAKES • OPAQUE FINANCIAL TRANSACTION • Primary Markets • Secondary Markets • Derivatives

  18. COMMUNITIES • Economic Differences • Social Grouping • Political Systems • Traditional Communities • Community and State Norms

  19. ECOSYSTEMS • MAJOR EFFECTS • DEGRADATION • DEPLETION • EXTINCTION • KEY CONCERNS • DISLODGING STABLE NATURAL SYSTEMS HARMFUL • RESOURCES ABOVE: ECOSYSTEMS AND COMMUNITIES • SELECTIVE EXTRACTION AND GENERAL DEPLETION

  20. VALUES AND VALUATION • VALUING METHODS • VALUATION • VALUES

  21. CURRENT HURDLES • BUREAUCRATIC GIANTISM • POLITICAL DESPOTISM • FINANCIAL OPACITY

  22. CURRENT INFLUENCES • LARGE CORPORATES • LEGAL AND JUDICIAL SYSTEMS • PATRIARCHY • INTERNATIONAL INTERFERENCE

  23. MINING LAWS • MINES AND MINERALS (DEVELOPMENT AND REGULATION) ACT, 1957 • CESS & OTHER TAXES ON MINERALS(VALIDATION) ACT, 1992 • GOA,DAMAN & DIU MINING CONCESSIONS ACT, 1987 • Offshore Areas Mineral (Development and Regulation) Act, 2002

  24. RULES • THE MINERAL CONCESSION RULES, 1960 AND ITS AMENDMENTS • MINERAL CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT RULES, 1988 • GRANITE CONSERVATION & DEVELOPMENT RULES, 1999 • MINING LEASES (MODIFICATION OF TERMS) RULES, 1956

  25. RULES • Marble Development and Conservation Rules, 2002 • Mineral Concession (Amendment) Rules, 2003 dated 10-04-2003 • Mineral Conservation & Development (Amendment) Rules, 2003 dated 10-04-2003 • Mineral Conservation & Development (2nd Amendment) Rules, 2003 dated 17-04-2003

  26. Corollary but Critical Laws • AIR (Prevention of Pollution) ACT • WATER ACT (Prevention of Pollution) ACT • FOREST (CONSERVATION ) ACT & RULES,1980 • ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION ACT, 1986 • LABOUR AND SAFETY IN MINES

  27. THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT NOTIFICATION, 1994 Key element of Public Hearing was Introduced Currently under threat with revised notifications diluting the procedures

  28. Simplifying for the Corporates • A major initiative has been in simplifying procedures to introduce transparency and avoid delay in granting different types of leases. • During 2001-02 to 2005-06 a total of 1172 PLs were granted over an area of 133743 hectares in twelve states viz. Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Karnataka,Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Uttaranchal, Bihar,Chhattisgarh, Gujarat & Jharkhand.

  29. IMPORTS – Just Oil & Diamonds

  30. Andhra Pradesh • Bauxite • Coal • Uranium • Stone Quarry - Kuppam

  31. Maharashtra • Stone Quarry • Bauxite

  32. Rajasthan • Stone Quarry • Marble • Oil Refinery • Mining Cooperative • Floods

  33. Delhi • Stone Crushers • Mining Policy

  34. Goa • Iron Ore Mines

  35. Karnataka • Iron Ore • Gold • Granite Quarry

  36. Orissa • Bauxite • Iron Ore

  37. Uttarakhand • Askot • Kataldi • Dunagiri • Aseena

  38. West Bengal • Sahasratoli

  39. Jharkhand • Jadugoda • Roro • East Parej

  40. Meghalaya • Domiasat • Coal • Limestone

  41. Summary of Actions • Local Mobilisation • Parallel Research and Analysis • Campaigns at State – Central Level • Legal Interventions – Appellates & Courts • International Campaign – Shareholder Action; UN and other Agency Petitions • And yet it is like fire-fighting, hence

  42. Thematic Action Areas • Women and Mining • Community Environmental Assessment • Legal Interventions • Media and Communications • Stone Quarry and Occupational Health • Mine Closures and Community Futures • Green Field Areas

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