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Essential Computer Boot and BIOS Operations

Learn about cold and hard boot techniques, System BIOS functions, ROM shadowing, I/O addresses, IRQ assignments, and more key terms essential for understanding computer operations.

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Essential Computer Boot and BIOS Operations

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  1. Chapter 2 Key Terms By: Kelly, Jackson, & Merle

  2. Cold Boot/Hard Boot • Restarting the computer by turning off the computer then turning the power back on. • It is more stressful due to the power surge during turn on. • May also be done by pressing Reset. • May be required when a soft or warm boot fails.

  3. System BIOS • Basic input/output system chips residing on the system board that controls normal I/O to such areas as system memory and floppy drives. • On-board BIOS

  4. Configuration Data • Setup information • Information about computer’s hardware (hard drive, floppy drive)

  5. ROM shadowing • ROM programming code copied into RAM to speed up system operation

  6. Autoexec.bat • A startup file used by DOS. • Tells the computer what commands or programs to run after bootup. • Last program to run during boot. • Loads TSR’s • For Win 3.1 will contain command C:\Windows\Win

  7. DMA • Direct memory access • Chip that provides channels that a device may use to send data directly to memory, bypassing the CPU. • Not used as frequently today because of faster methods.

  8. I/O addresses • Numbers that are used by devices and the CPU to manage communication between them.

  9. IRQ • Interrupt request number • Line on bus that is assigned to a device and is used to signal the CPU for servicing. • Lines are assigned a reference number.

  10. Hardware interrupt • An event caused by a hardware device signaling the CPU that is requires service.

  11. Interrupt vector table • Table that stores the memory addresses assigned to interrupt handlers.

  12. Interrupt handler • Program (BIOS or device driver), that is used by the CPU to process a hardware interrupt.

  13. Polling • Process by which the CPU checks the status of connected devices to determine if they are ready to send or receive data • Used for joystick

  14. Video controller card • Also called display adapter or video card • Interface card that controls the monitor

  15. Hidden file • Not displayed in the directory. • File attributes hide the file.

  16. ESD • Electrostatic discharge • Static electricity that damages chips. • Computer can get damaged when cover is removed.

  17. TSR • Terminate and stay resident • Program that is loaded into memory but is not immediately executed like screen saver

  18. Backup • The action of copying important files or data to a different location or storage media. • The files created to prevent the loss of the original data.

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