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Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata. Joycelin Luc Michelle Chen. http://www.glaucus.org.uk/diazona0.JPG http://research.myfwc.com/images/gallery/20060309_140447_23656.jpg. Intro to Chordata. Have a notochord

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Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata

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  1. Chordata: Urochordata and Cephalochordata Joycelin Luc Michelle Chen http://www.glaucus.org.uk/diazona0.JPG http://research.myfwc.com/images/gallery/20060309_140447_23656.jpg

  2. Intro to Chordata • Have a notochord • Have a dorsal nerve cord => develops into central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) • Most have pharyngeal clefts and pharyngeal slits • Usually have a post-anal tail Michelle Chen

  3. Urochordata Tunicate sea squirts sea pork Cephalochordata Lancelets amphioxus (means “both ends pointed”) Common Names http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/chordata/urochordata.html (left pic) http://www.biologycorner.com/resources/Lancelet.JPG (right pic) Joycelin Luc

  4. Urochordata http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Ascidian_metamorphosis_2.gif Michelle Chen

  5. Cephalochordata Michelle Chen http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/16labman05/lb7pg1_files/amphioxsis.jpg

  6. Body Cavity and Body symmetry • Coelom present in both the Urochordata and Cephalochordata subphlya • bilaterian (bilaterally symmetrical) • Body consists of myoepithelial and Epithelial cells Michelle Chen

  7. Nervous System & Sensory Features • Present consisting of brain and spinal cord • in Urochordata, nervous system disintegrates when it reaches adult stage Michelle Chen http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/142007_Urochordata.jpg

  8. Urochordata Blood contains high concentration of vandium and lithium Open circulatory system Ventral heart Cephalochordata Closed blood system Main ventral and paired dorsal aorta No central heart, but consists of branches lacks hemoglobin and is colorless Has Atria cavity Circulatory System Joycelin Luc http://faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/animalstructure/outlines/chordata.html

  9. Urochordata Draws food through siphon into atrium from pharyngeal slits Food filtered by mucous net Moves to esophagus through cilia Exits excurrent siphon Cephalochordata Uses cilia pumping to move food particles from slit Trap food in pharynx Digestive & Excretory System Michelle Chen

  10. Urochordata Juvenile: tail muscles; gravity and light sensitive cells Adult: attach to a substrate sessile Cephalochordata Contraction of muscles arranged in a <<<< structure -> a side to side undulation to move forward Somites Locomotion/ Musculature Urochordata • Juvenile: tail muscles; gravity and light sensitive cells • Adult: attach to a substrate • sessile Michelle Chen

  11. Skeletal Type Urochordata • Notochord (some have spicule when young) • adult: attach to rock Cephalochordata • Develops dorsal, hollow never cord • Post-anal tail Joycelin Luc

  12. Urochordata Hermaphrodites Eggs kept inside until hatch Sperm released into H2O Cephalochordata Gonochoristic: sex separate Sperm and eggs released into water Fertilization is external Reproduction Joycelin Luc

  13. Gas Exchange • Uses cilia to regulate the gases • Pharynx and pharyngeal slits regulate the gas exchange (across external body surface) Michelle Chen

  14. Other unique features • Urochordata = very few natural predators • Invasive species • Form colonies Joycelin Luc

  15. Quiz 1. What are the four basic features that separate Chordata from other phyla? 2. Name one difference between Urochordata and Cephalochordata. 3. How do adult sea squirts move? What about adult lancelets? 4. How are the reproductive methods for Urochordata and Cephalochordata different? Joycelin Luc

  16. THE END!!!

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