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CLIMATE change

CLIMATE change. Different data different perspectives. climate. Definitions Climate change history Controversy Natural Cycles Human activity. vocabulary. Ice core sampling Logarithmic Anomaly El Nino La Nina ENSO Sunspot Cycles Maunder Minimum Milankovitch Cycles. Climate

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CLIMATE change

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  1. CLIMATE change Different data different perspectives

  2. climate • Definitions • Climate change history • Controversy • Natural Cycles • Human activity

  3. vocabulary Ice core sampling Logarithmic Anomaly El Nino La Nina ENSO Sunspot Cycles Maunder Minimum Milankovitch Cycles • Climate • Geologic Time Scale • Pre-Cambrian • Paleozoic • Mesozoic • Cenozoic • Teriary • Quaternary

  4. CLIMATE - definition • Definition: The patterns of temperature and precipitation in a region over time (from 30 years to millions of years) • How Researched: gas bubbles in layers of ice cores (obtained by drilling into glaciers and ice sheets) reveal time periods of atmospheric disturbance such as volcanic eruptions, CO2 concentration, and temperature variations

  5. Climate change history / controversy • Once considered unquestionable, arguments are reasoned from different perspectives depending on: • TIME FRAME • METHODOLOGY • DATA INTERPRETATION • CAUSES • MOTIVATION

  6. 4.5 billion years

  7. 600 million years

  8. 100 million years – logarithmic represent-ation

  9. 600,000 years

  10. 460,000 years

  11. 400,000 years

  12. 5000 years

  13. 5000 years

  14. 1000 years – anomaly method

  15. Past 150 years – “hockey stick”

  16. Sunspot cycle – and arctic air temp. • There is also debate about the effects of sunspots on various aspects of climate

  17. Correlation to magnetic storms

  18. 15 years

  19. Sunspots and hurricanes

  20. Sunspots and climate The “Maunder Minimum” from mid-1600s to 1700 correlates to the “Little Ice Age” experienced in Europe. Astronomers have noted that the current solar cycle shows fewer sunspots than the prior solar cycle.

  21. Milankovitch cycles theory states: • Changes in Earth’s axis disturb the distribution and intensity of solar energy reaching Earth

  22. ENSO – 3-5 year El Nino Southern Oscillation Cycle • El Nino is the familiar name for a disturbance in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Pacific Ocean, is named for the December phenomenon occurring along the west coast of South America. ENSO is a 3-5 year cycle that includes both warming and cooling in tropical oceans.

  23. EL nino year During an El Nino year, SSTs along the coast are warmer than usual. This prevents the upwelling of nutrient rich deep ocean water that is required to feed the fish population that reproduces there. . Warm waters mean greater rainfallin the southern hemisphere. But the northern hemisphere experiences a warmer, drier year as moist air is pulled westward by the Jet Stream. Climate effects ripple throughout the global climate system. Data for 2013 show only a relatively small increase in temperatures.

  24. LA nina During a La Nina year, SSTs along the coast are colder than usual in the Eastern Pacific (southern Hemisphere). This allows upwelling, but the effects ripple throughout the global climate system. Trade winds intensify. South American experiences drought. Wetter years occur in North America and storms increase in intensity in Asia.

  25. Human impact

  26. Human impact on the atmosphere Look it up!

  27. POLICY RECOMMENDATIONS • Look it up! See these articles and continue searching! • ENERGY EFFICIENCY - COMMERCIAL • http://wallstcheatsheet.com/stocks/how-much-energy-does-the-u-s-waste.html/?ref=YF • INTERNATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE TREATIES / TALKS • http://news.yahoo.com/climate-science-alarming-irrefutable-kerry-093106799.html • LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACTION • http://edition.cnn.com/2013/08/21/world/europe/bloomberg-why-sandy-force-cities/?section=money_news_international

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