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HCAL analogue readout

HCAL analogue readout. Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) MEPhI&PULSAR. SiPM. Pixels of the SiPM. Photo-Detectors. The remaining candidate photodetectors: Avalanche photodetector (APD): S8664-55spl , 3x3mm 2 , S8550, 32 pixels of 1.6x1.6mm 2 gain ~ 50-100

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HCAL analogue readout

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  1. HCAL analogue readout Erika Garutti

  2. Silicon PhotoMultiplier (SiPM) MEPhI&PULSAR SiPM Pixels of the SiPM Photo-Detectors The remaining candidate photodetectors: Avalanche photodetector (APD): S8664-55spl, 3x3mm2, S8550, 32 pixels of 1.6x1.6mm2 gain ~ 50-100 quantum eff. 81% Silicon photomultiplier (SiPM): sizes: 1x1mm2, 576 and 1000 pixels/mm2 gain ~ 2*106 quantum eff. ~ 15-20% Needed for MINICAL: - 36 Photodetectors APDs combine 3-7 tiles in one cell - 117 SiPM’s of 1x1mm2 - 3 MA-PM –16 channels Erika Garutti

  3. Principle of operation • ADP operated with avalanche • multiplication ~ 50-500 • SiPM operated in Geiger mode • avalanche multiplication ~2*106 • R = 400 k prevents detector break down Erika Garutti

  4. Avalanched Photo-Detectors (APD) • Hamamatsu, 3x3mm APD, S8664-55spl • Delivery time takes 1.5 months for 30 pcs • typical performance: • gain 50 100 >1000 possible • Id 600pA 1.2nA • C 28pF 28pF • Significant gain dependence on voltage and temperature (~10-15%) • Requires good stability of power supply (DV/V=10-4 1% gain stability) • Possibility for a voltage-temperature regulator Erika Garutti

  5. 42m 20m pixel h Resistor Rn=400 k Al R 50 Depletion Region 2 m Substrate Ubias Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM) R&D at MEPHI (Moscow), B. Dolgoshein, E. Popova together with PULSAR (Russ. Industry) one peak = one photo-el • Some features: • Detector size 1.5x1.5 mm2 • sensitive size 1x1 mm2 • Possibility to couple directly on tile • Number of pixels: 576, now 1000/mm2 • 1 photo-el per pixel  signal shows to Npe • Gain 2106 atUbias~ 50V • Recovery time ~ 100 ns/pixel Erika Garutti

  6. SiPM @ DESY test beam 576 px 60 cm WSL fiber couple 10 pe “conventional” Increase light yield with direct coupling direct coupling 1000 px Directly couple on tile 15 pe Chosen for MINICAL From Elena Podova, MEFhI Erika Garutti

  7. SiPM dark rate and MIP detection efficiency ~ 90%  dark rate ~ 2 Hz efficiency ~ 95%  dark rate ~ 8 Hz Erika Garutti

  8. SiPM energy response MC simulation of SiPM dynamic range impact on hadron energy resolution of TileHCAL Typical particle energy range at TESLA - Saturation at N(pe) ~ N(pixel) - Saturation effect stronger on e than h Erika Garutti

  9. MINICAL readout Assembled with up to 27 scintillator layers of 9 tiles each (5x5X0.5 cm3) 3 layers with diff. photo-detectors: APD’s: 3 tiles/APD 60 cm fiber pre-amp with large gain + good stability ADC MA-PM’s:16fold, 3 tiles/pixel Si-PM’s: 1 tile/Si-PM directly coupled to tile pre-amp with less gain Erika Garutti

  10. The DAQ scheme MINICAL • 120-170 ADC (2249A) channels  controlled via CAMAC • CAMAC-PC interface from MEPHI (KK009) • Changed from MAC to UNIX DAQ • PC in control room @ DESY test beam 21 (10 MBit), 32 GB spaced •  1 run ~ 10k events ~ 4 MB • Use ROOT for analysis of data software under development Erika Garutti

  11. Off-line analysis • scintillators • fibres • photodetectors • pre-amps • e- beam (0.5 –7 GeV) • cosmics • random Flexible set-up allows test of various hardware   in various trigger conditions  At DESY: Start run with new configuration or new settings every 24 hours. via web: ITEP LPI MEPHI Prague Protvino DESY • Look for: • gain • stability • signal width • Signal/noise separation • calibration with MIP’s software-tools (V. Dodolov, E. Garutti, S. Karakash, F. Krivan, E. Popova, A. Terkulov) Erika Garutti

  12. Calibration and monitoring • Cosmic calibration (~1 month, before beam data) : • adjust all ADC channels to same MIP signal • optimisation of pre-amp voltages • LED monitoring triggered between the test-beam pulses : • LED-light distribution by optical fibres to: • all photodetectors  stability monitoring • few stable Si-photodiodes  to monitor the LED light output • (stable against temperature and bias voltage fluctuations) • Established technique from H1 spaCal  precision 1-2% Erika Garutti

  13. Detector understanding Study of energy resolution and cluster shape Compare with MC prediction  tune MC Study various photodetectors against tuned MC Saturation effects in the range 0.5 – 7 GeV  dynamic range  linearity get detector hardware under control !!! Get ready for studies on Physics Prototype … Erika Garutti

  14. Outlook 2004 construction and operation of the Physics Prototype 1 m3 prototype ~ 800-1200 calorimeter cells equipped with: ~ 4000 SiPM + 200-400 APD Tested together with the ECAL prototype •  tune reconstruction algorithm •  study the energy flow concept • detailed understanding of hadronic shower shape (tune GEANT 4) Erika Garutti

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