DO NOW – PAGE 106

1. DO NOW – PAGE 106 • DO NOW!!! Color your map – • 1 color for free states / territories • 1 color for slave states/territories • Draw and label the Missouri Compromise Line • COLOR PENCILS AND MARKERS ARE IN THE BACK OF THE ROOM!!!

2. 10/11 September A Dividing Nation and the Civil War

3. Cultural Differences North South • Increasingly Urban – people migrated from farms to cities for economic opportunities. • Economy, workshops, factories, and mills produced large amounts of manufactured goods. • 20,000 miles of rail lines that connected the cities and factories of the Northeast with farming regions of the Midwest. • Most Immigrants would settle in the North. • Still predominantly rural; most population lived on small farms or large plantations. • Economy had little industry; economy was based on exports of agricultural exports (rice, corn, and cotton). • Invested much less in transportation and had only half as many rail lines. • Relied on rivers for transportation.

4. Compromises • Missouri Compromise of 1820 • Missouri would enter the Union as a slave state. • Maine would enter the Union as a free state. • Drew a line across the Louisiana Territory at 36/30. • North of that line slavery would be banned. • South of the line slavery would be permitted. • Compromise of 1850 • Admitted California into the Union as a free state. • Divided the rest of the Southwest into two territories. • New Mexico and Utah • Opened both to slavery. • Ended the slave trade in Washington, D.C. but allowed existing slaveholders to keep their slaves. • Fugitive Slave Law – required the return of escaped slaves to their owners.

5. Bleeding Kansas • Congress introduced a bill to organize the Great Plains for settlement. • Kansas and Nebraska were organized on the basis of popular sovereignty. • Popular Sovereignty - rule by the people; voters in the territories would decide whether to permit slavery. • Each side would send in agitators to fight for their cause.

6. Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott and his wife were slaves however they lived for several years in the free territory of Wisconsin with their owner. • The Scotts argued that since they lived in a free territory they should be free citizens. • Scott v Sandford made the Court face two questions; 1) Did slaves have the right to bring a case before a federal court? And 2) Did the Scott’s stay in Wisconsin make them free? • The court ruled that Dred Scott was not a citizen of Missouri based on their Constitution and is not entitled to sue in Court. • Scott was property of his owner which is protected by the Fifth Amendment (protection of private property). • Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional by establishing territories which prohibited a citizen from holding or owning property.

7. Election of 1860 • Abe Lincoln was part of the new Republican Party that took a firm stand against the Fugitive Slave Law and the Kansas – Nebraska Act. • Had an easy path to victory when the democrats would split the ticket based on Northern / Southern factions. • Abe won the presidency with less than 40 percent of the vote; his name would not appear on the ballot in many Southern States. • Tried to Calm the South stating he would not interfere with slavery in the South and he would support the enforcement of the Fugitive Slave Law. • He would refuse to support the extension of slavery to the western territories.

8. The Civil War

9. Advantages of the Union and the Confederacy Union Confederacy • Superior Resources • Twice as many citizens • Diverse economy • More farm production and factories. • Naval forces • Railroad lines for moving troops and supplies. • Fighting a defensive war on their own soil. • Outstanding military Leadership

10. Anaconda Plan • Union would set up a Naval Blockade stopping sea traffic in and out of Southern ports. • Union Navy would take control of the Mississippi River (separating Texas, Louisiana, and Arkansas) • Union Army would move east to squeeze the life out of the Deep South. • Union forces would invade Virginia and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond.

11. Challenges Facing the Leaders Lincoln’s Challenges Davis’ Challenges • Suspended Habeas Corpus in Maryland • Lacking sufficient volunteers Congress enacted a military draft. • For $300 a man who did not want to serve could buy his way out or he could hire a replacement to serve. • Passed a draft law • Rich plantation owners could avoid military service. • How to pay for the war while not tanking the Southern economy. • Inflation skyrocketed.

12. New Weapons / Techniques • Rifled Musket • Improved Cannons with explosive shells • Poor military tactics. • Medical care

13. Emancipation Proclamation • Declared all slaves living in states “in rebellion against the United States” to be forever free. • Slaves living in areas loyal to or under Union control were not affected.

14. Important Battles