CRCT Review Quiz 2010 Discussion guide….

1. CRCT Review Quiz 2010Discussion guide….

2. 1. Compare how traditional, command, mixed, and market economies answer the economic questions of (1) what to produce, (2) how to produce, and (3) for whom to produce. • Mixed Economy – Usually a mix of Command and Market. Buyers, sellers, and government decide what to make, sell, and buy – U.S.A., Israel, India, South Africa, Nigeria, and most of the world. • Command Economy – Government decides what to make, sell, and buy – North Korea, China (although now introducing free business) • Market Economy – Buyers and sellers decide what to make, sell, and buy – Japan • Traditional – Culture and customs decides what to make, sell, and buy.

3. 2. Compare and contrast the economic systems of Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey. • Israel, Saudi Arabia, and Turkey all have a mixed economy, buyers, sellers, and government have a say is what is produced and sold. • Israel- high technology and export of cut diamonds • Saudi Arabia – oil • Turkey – factories, farming, and crafts

4. 3. Compare and contrast the government systems of Israel, Iran, and Saudi Arabia. • Israel has a prime minister and parliament • Iran -- theocracy, control is by religious leaders. They have elected president. • Saudi Arabia – monarchy, controlled by a king, officials are relatives or close friends

5. 4. What led to American intervention in South West Asia during the Persian Gulf War, Iraqi Freedom 2003, and Afghanistan 2001? • The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991),to stop the invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi troops ; conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait; victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. • Iraqi Freedom 2003 -- is an ongoing military campaign which began on March 20, 2003, with the invasion of Iraq by a multinational force led by troops from the United States and the United Kingdom – to stop Iraq's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction • Afghanistan 2001 -- in response to the September 11, 2001 attacks on the US. Both U.S. and Britain engaged in campaign. Searching for Bin Laden and Al-Qaida.

6. 5. Ethnic groups of South West Asia • Persians • Kurds • Arabs • Hebrews Ethnic groups share: • Language • Clothing • Music • Food • Customs

7. 6. Compare and contrast Judaism, Christianity, and Islam • All 3 began in Southwest Asia • Judaism, oldest of the 3 faiths, developed by the Hebrews, led by Abraham about 2000 B.C. • Moses- Ten Commandments from God • Torah- Jew’s holy book- teachings of Moses; holy city- Palestine • Christianity evolved from Judaism after birth of Jesus, Messiah, son of God; Jesus died and was resurrected; holy city- Bethlehem & Jerusalem • New Testament of Bible tells life of Jesus • Islam, began in Saudi Arabia, also monotheistic, belief in one god, call their god “Allah”- A.D. 600’s • Holy book- Quran, written in Arabic, contains 114 chapters; holy city- Mecca • Founder- Muhammad; Five Pillars of Islam- five rules followed by Muslims; pray 5 times a day

8. 7. Explain why international trade requires a system for exchanging currencies between nations. What are the three trade barriers? • Currency (money) exchange – convert/change money between currencies using an exchange rate – how much one currency (money) is worth in terms of others • Tariffs – a tax imposed on imported goods (limits the amount of imported goods in a country) • Quotas– limit on quantity of goods imported to a country (reduces foreign goods in a country) • Embargo – law/policy prohibiting importation/exportation of goods. • Examples: United Nation Arms Embargo on Iraq (1990), Afghanistan (2000), and Iran (2006)

9. 8. Explain the relationship between GDP and literacy rate. • Literacy rate– percentage of people that can read and write, directly affects the GDP for individual countries.The higher the literacy rate – the higher the GDP for that country. (some exceptions) • GDP- gross domestic product – value of all goods and services produced in a country

10. 9. Who was Mao Zedong and what were the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution? • Mao was the Communist dictator of China. • Maoism took over economy, education, and life • Government owned farms, factories and housing. • Cultural revolution - religion was prohibited and Mao insisted that people live like a peasants, closing schools and forcing people to work in fields. Opponents were imprisoned. This destroyed China’s culture. • Great Leap Forward – Plan to move China from agriculture to industry. Mao ordered the implementation unproven new agricultural techniques leading to widespread famine.

11. 10. What was the reason the United States got involved in both the Korean War and the Vietnam War? • U.S. fought wars in both countries to stop the spread of communism. • Domino theory – fear that communism would spread from on country to another. • China encouraged both Korea and Vietnam to be all communist countries. • North Korea is communist; South Korea is democratic. • Vietnam is all communist.

12. 11. What was the result of the Korean War which led to the existence of North Korea and South Korea? • 1950- North Korea tried to unite Korea by invading South Korea, resulting in the Korean War. • China supported communist North Korea • U.S. (United Nations) went in to support South Korea (domino theory- stop spread of communism) • 1953 to today- NK is communist and SK is democratic • Buffer zone between the two countries- demilitarized zone

13. 12. What was the result of the Vietnam War which led to the unification of Vietnam? • Communist country since 1975 at the end of the Vietnam War • France and the U.S. came in to help rebuild the countries of NV and SV • France did not stay and NV remained communist. China helped NV fight against SV and the United States • After several years, the U.S. pulled out and NV took over SV and Vietnam is still a communist country

14. 13. What was the U.S.’s role in rebuilding Japan after WWII? • WWII – ally of Germany. Attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 and conquered Pacific Islands. Defeated by U.S. in 1945 and lost empire. • After WWII – U.S. occupation until 1952. • U.S. in Japan – Rebuild industrial power and democratic government. Emperor lost power to Diet (people have the power. Prime minister is head of government) • Japan not allowed to have an army only defense forces due to communism in the Pacific. • U.S. now has a democratic and economically stable friend in the Pacific near Communist China.

15. 14. Why did the U.S. join the Persian Gulf War? • The Persian Gulf War (2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991),to stop the invasion of Kuwait by Iraqi troops ; conflict to expel Iraqi troops from Kuwait; victory for the coalition forces, who liberated Kuwait and advanced into Iraqi territory. • To stop Saddam Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait and to protect oil production and availability for the U.S. and the world market.

16. 15. What is the U.S.’s role in Operation Iraqi Freedom? • Iraqi Freedom 2003 -- is an ongoing military campaign which began on March 20, 2003, with the invasion of Iraq by a multinational force led by troops from the United States and the United Kingdom – to stop Iraq's alleged possession of weapons of mass destruction • U.S. with the United Kingdom led the military objectives of Operation Iraqi Freedom which consisted of first, ending the regime of Saddam Hussein. The second goal was to identify, isolate, and eliminate, Iraq's weapons of mass destruction.

17. 16. What are the predominant religions found in Southern and Eastern Asia? • Hinduism – China, Indian communities • Buddhism – China, most common in mainland countries • Shintoism- Japan • Islam – major religion in Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia; Indonesia largest population of Muslims • Christian – minority religion except Philippines about 80% Roman Catholic

18. 17. How do mountains, deserts, and water distribution affect the population in China? • Climate regions range from tropical/coastal to desert and mountain, hot summers and cold winters • Mountains– highest in the world, rugged, uninhabitable, restrict travel • desert areas do not allow for farming due to lack of water and high temperatures, transportation challenges • people move closer to water to form farms, factories, and cities; overcrowded coastal cities

19. 18. What types of government are found in India, Indonesia, China, and Japan? India -- World’s largest democracy (power vested in the citizens). • Constitution guarantees citizens rights like freedom of speech • Federal – shares power with states and one central authority • Republic – elected officials make decisions for the people • Prime minister who is elected by the Indian National Congress – head of government (elected by president) Indonesia – democratic, government elected by the people China – One party dictatorship or unitarygovernment under Communist party. Started with Mao Zedong. Central government holds all power. Japan -- Democratic after WWII and a U.S. invasion until 1952 • Constitutional Monarchy – a constitution with an Emperor • Diet – legislative power (makes laws) elected by citizens who power is vested in. • Prime minister elected by Diet. Emperor is a symbol with no political power.

20. 19. How does gender affect access to education in Kenya and Sudan? • girls have less opportunity to go to school than boys

21. 20. What is the role of the entrepreneur? • An entrepreneur is a person who has possession of a business and assumes significant accountability for the risks and the outcome.

22. 21. What is the relationship between investment in human capital and GDP? Human Capital -- The skills and knowledge gained by a worker through education and experience Government must invest in human education in order to have a successful workforce and good economy. This investment leads to higher GDP.

23. 22. How did nationalism lead to independence in India and Africa? • Nationalism, the love of one’s country, led to independence as the people fought for power and control of land and resources from the European colonists. • India – country colonized by Great Britain. Independence led by Gandhi. • Africa – countries colonized by European nations. Independence led by Nelson Mandela.

24. 23. How did European partitioning of Africa lead to conflict and warfare? • As European nations colonized Africa, they partitioned (divided) land areas, setting up boundaries that forced different tribes to live as one. In treating them all the same, civil war broke out among the people.

25. 24. How did anti-Semitism, the Holocaust, and Zionism lead to the independent State of Israel? • anti-Semitism is prejudice against or hostility towards Jews, often rooted in hatred of their ethnic background, culture, and/or religion. • Holocaust -- describes the genocide of approximately six million European Jews during World War II, a program of systematic state-sponsored extermination by Nazi Germany • Zionism – 1800’s, called for Jews to establish a country in Palestine; therefore thousands moved to this area. • These all led to the formation of the independent state of Israel after WWII.

26. 25. How do the deserts and rivers of South West Asia affect where people live? • desert areas do not allow for farming due to lack of water and high temperatures • people move closer to water to form farms, factories, and cities

27. 26. What does OPEC stand for and what is its function? • Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries • influence the production, price, and distribution of oil in the world market • Saudi Arabia is the leader of OPEC

28. 27. What was Mohandas Gandhi’s impact on the world? • Mohandas Gandhi -- (October 2, 1869 – January 30, 1948) was a political and spiritual leader of India during the Indian independence movement against Great Britain. • He was the pioneer of resistance to tyranny through mass civil disobedience (boycotts and fasting), a philosophy founded upon total nonviolence—which led India to independence and inspired movements for civil rights and freedom across the world. • He inspired Martin Luther King Jr. in his efforts for fighting racial discrimination in the U.S.

29. 28. What is the reason for the division between Sunni and Shia? • Both Sunni and Shia Muslims share the most fundamental Islamic beliefs and articles of faith. • The differences between these two main sub-groups within Islam initially stemmed not from spiritual differences, but political differences. • They disagreed over who should lead the Islamic world.

30. 29. What role did Nelson Mandela and F. W. deKlerk play in ending apartheid? • F.W. deKlerk saw the need to end apartheid. He wanted all African people to have freedoms and a say in their country. • Nelson Mandela – Protester of apartheid (legal racial separation in South Africa). When freed from jail he became first black President of South Africa.

31. 30. Compare and contrast the government systems of Japan, India, and China. Japan – democratic; constitutional monarchy with several political parties India – democratic; parliamentary system; constitution China – Communist • government controls all aspects of the country

32. 31. Compare and contrast the government systems of South Africa, Kenya, and Sudan. South Africa – republic with National Assembly • Head of State – President elected by National Assembly Kenya – republic (citizens choose leaders) Legislature called National Assembly Sudan – National Legislature but the National Congress Party dominates government; corruption • Power point link:

33. 32. Compare and contrast the economic systems of Japan, India, and China. Japan – mixed economy • few natural resources, nuclear power • imports oil and raw materials for industry • high technology, world’s largest fish industry India – mixed economy • village farms, modern factories, high-tech service industry • suffer from poor roads and communication, and low literacy rate China – command economy, Communist government controls all aspects of economic decisions • govt. increased literacy rate and built up industry production • 50% are farm workers, only 10% of land is arable

34. 33. Compare and contrast the economic systems of South Africa and Nigeria. Nigeria – • has some of the continents richest natural resources, oil accounts for 95% of exports • High poverty rate due to high birthrate, lack of education and training, corrupt government South Africa – • trying to create jobs for black workers and farmers • rich in mineral resources, gold and diamonds; most still controlled by whites, change is slow; crime in large cities; disease (AIDS epidemic) • farmland and livestock

35. Words to know… Role of the citizens in government: 34. autocracy – Citizens power is limited. Usually one person in power – Saudi Arabia, North Korea 35. oligarchy – Citizens power is limited. A small group has power – Sudan, Iran (in Iran it’s also a theocracy = religious group in power) 36. democracy – both forms – Citizen has power. Voting, freedom of speech, religion, protest, etc. – U.S.A., South Africa, Israel, Japan, India Distribution of governmental power: 37. confederation – states unite to share power – European Union, Iran 38. unitary – 1 person has power – Saudi Arabia, North Korea, China 39. federal – One central authority shares power with several states – U.S.A., India, South Africa

36. Other Religions to know… 40. Buddhism – ** 41. Hinduism – ** 42. Shintoism – ** 43. Islam― ** 44. Confucianism – ** (more of a philosophy than religion) 45. Animism – a religious belief that bodies of water, animals, trees, and other natural objects have spirits. ** click on word to move to power point: “Religions of Asia”