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EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 14

EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 14. Optical Time Division Multiplexing. From the movie Warriors of the Net. OTDM Routing Network . Multiplexing. Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) for electrical signals Code-division multiplexing (CDM) for electrical signals

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EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 14

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  1. EE 230: Optical Fiber Communication Lecture 14 Optical Time Division Multiplexing From the movie Warriors of the Net

  2. OTDM Routing Network

  3. Multiplexing • Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) for electrical signals • Code-division multiplexing (CDM) for electrical signals • Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) for optical signals • Time-division multiplexing (TDM) for both types

  4. Modulation • Amplitude modulation • Frequency modulation • Phase modulation

  5. Simple to implement • amplitude modulation • pulse amplitude modulation • amplitude shift keying

  6. Economize bandwidth • quadrature amplitude modulation • single sideband modulation • vestigial sideband modulation

  7. Economize power • double sideband modulation • double sideband carrier-suppressed modulation These are easy to modulate but difficult to demodulate

  8. Noise resistant • phase modulation • frequency modulation • pulse position modulation • pulse code modulation (widely used) • amplitude shift keying • frequency shift keying

  9. Pulse Formats

  10. Optical Bit and Packet Interleaving

  11. OTDM Bit Interleaved Multiplexer

  12. Packet Interleaved Multiplexer

  13. Demultiplexing • OTDM and soliton systems require RZ format • Nonlinear devices required to demultiplex • n EO modulators required for 2n channels • Sagnac interferometer (NOLM) uses XPM • FWM devices use clock signal as pump, generate new wavelength for “1” bits

  14. Synchronizer

  15. OTDM Bit Interleaved Demultiplexer

  16. Packet Interleaved Demultiplexer

  17. Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror-NOLM

  18. Solitons

  19. Comparison of Soliton Transmission to other Technologies

  20. Effective area of single-mode fiber for 1.2<V<2.405, otherwise Aeff=w2

  21. Peak power for a soliton where  is the pulse width in time and n2 is the nonlinear index of refraction

  22. Example: Corning SMF-28 fiber • nCO=1.4504, nCL=1.4447, a=4.1 m, =1550 nm. NA=? • NA=0.13. k=? • k=2/=4.05x106 m-1. V=? • V=2.16. w/a=? • w/a=1.19. w=? • w=4.87 m. Aeff=? • Aeff=7.46x10-11 m2

  23. Example, continued • D=19 ps/km-nm, n=3.18x10-20 m2/W, =20 ps. P=? • D=1.9x10-5 s/m2 • 3=3.72x10-18 m3 • 2=4x10-22 s • 2=9.87 • P=0.108W=108 mW—pretty high!

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