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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Norton Media Library. Give Me Liberty! An American History Second Edition Volume 1. by Eric Foner. I. The Old South. Emergence of slavery as “peculiar institution” Cotton and the growth of southern slavery Central place of cotton in world economy

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Norton Media Library Give Me Liberty! An American History Second EditionVolume 1 by Eric Foner

  2. I. The Old South • Emergence of slavery as “peculiar institution” • Cotton and the growth of southern slavery • Central place of cotton in world economy • Southern dominance of world cotton supply • Emergence of United States as center of new world slavery • Rise of internal slave trade • Pace and magnitude • Geographical patterns • Public visibility • Integral place in southern commerce • Importance to Cotton Kingdom

  3. I. The Old South (cont’d) • Slavery’s impact on national life • Political • Economic • In North • Commerce • Manufacturing • In South • Vitality of plantation economy • Limits on industrialization, immigration, and urban growth • The New Orleans exception

  4. The Old South (cont’d) • Plain folk • Remoteness from market revolution; self-sufficiency • Class strata • Isolated poor • Yeomanry • Relation to planter elite • Alienation • Bonds • Racial • Familial • Political • Regional • Investment in slave system • Material • Ideological

  5. The Old South (cont’d) • Planter elite • Measures of regional dominance • Scale of slave ownership • Size and quality of landholding • Income • Political power • Economic engagement in world market • Paternalistic, non-competitive ethos • Defining features • Contributing factors • Influence on southern values • Intellectual life

  6. The Old South (cont’d) • Proslavery argument • Rising currency in southern thought • Elements of • Racial assumptions • Biblical themes • Notions of human progress • Prospects for equality among whites • Shift to more hierarchical defense of slavery

  7. Life under slavery • Slaves and the law • General patterns • Status as property • Pervasive denial of legal rights • Power of slave owners over enforcement • Law as mechanism of master’s control • Nineteenth-century trends • Legislation to humanize bondage • Features • Contributing factors • Legislation to tighten bondage • Features • Contributing factors

  8. Life under slavery (cont’d) • Free black population • Size • Social and civil stature • Blurry line between slavery and freedom • Broad denial of legal rights • Growing reputation as threat to slave system • Regional variations • Lower South • Small numbers • Concentration in cities • Free black elite • Upper South • Concentration in farmlands • Ties to slave community

  9. Life under slavery (cont’d) • Slave labor • Diversity of occupations • Agricultural • Small farms vs. plantations • Gang labor (cotton, sugar) vs. task labor (rice) • Urban • Relative autonomy and independence • Growing reputation as threat to slave system • Modes of order and discipline • Physical punishment • Manipulation of divisions • Material incentives • Threat of sale

  10. Slave culture • General features • Central arenas • Family • Church • Chief functions • Survival of bondage • Preservation of self-esteem • Transmission of collective values across generations • Sources • African heritage • American values and experiences

  11. Slave culture (cont’d) • Slave family • Demographic foundation • Legal constraints • Resiliency • Distinctive kinship patterns • Vulnerability to break-up through sale • Gender roles • “Equality of powerlessness” • Assertion of gender roles where possible

  12. Slave culture (cont’d) • Slave religion • Practices • Black preachers on plantations • Urban black churches • Influences • Fusion of African and Christian traditions • Religious revivals in South • Slaves’ version of Christianity • Solace amid bondage • Hope for liberation • Sympathy for the oppressed • Brotherhood and equality • Negation of masters’ pro-slavery version

  13. Slave culture (cont’d) • Desire for freedom and justice • As expressed in folk tales, spirituals • Reflection of American language of freedom

  14. Resistance to slavery • “Day-to-day”; “silent sabotage” • Escape • Obstacles • Destinations • Southern cities • Remote areas within South • North • Underground Railroad • Resourcefulness • Harriet Tubman • Large-scale collective escape • Infrequency of • Amistad episode

  15. Resistance to slavery (cont’d) • Slave revolts • Major nineteenth-century episodes • Gabriel’s Rebellion • Louisiana sugar plantation slave rebellion • Denmark Vesey conspiracy • Nat Turner’s Rebellion • Notable patterns • Infrequency • Blend of African and American influences • Link between open rebellion and quieter resistance • Bleak prospects for success in South

  16. Resistance to slavery (cont’d) • Slave revolts • Aftermath of Nat Turner’s rebellion in South • White panic • Widespread assaults on slaves • Tightening of restrictions on blacks (slave and free) • Stifling of slavery debate, abolitionism

  17. http://www.wwnorton.com/foner Studyspace link

  18. End slide This concludes the Norton Media Library Slide Set for Chapter 11 Give Me Liberty! An American History 2nd Edition, Volume 1 by Eric Foner W. W. Norton & CompanyIndependent and Employee-Owned

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