F a ll P r o t e ct i o n in General Industry

1. FallProtectionin General Industry SchoolofContinuingEducation&ProfessionalDevelopmentMiamiDadeCollege -NorthCampus OSHASusanHarwoodTrainingGrant

2. DISCLAIMER • Thismaterialwasproducedundergrant#SH-27618-SH5 fromtheOccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration,U.S.DepartmentofLabor.Itdoesnotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsorpoliciesofthe • U.S.DepartmentofLabor,nordoesmentionoftradenames,commercialproducts,ororganizationsimplyendorsementbytheU.S.Government.TheU.S.Governmentdoesnotwarrantorassumeanylegalliabilityorresponsibilityfortheaccuracy,completeness,orusefulnessofanyinformation,apparatus,product,orprocessdisclosed. • COPYRIGHTINFORMATION:ThismaterialisthecopyrightedpropertyofMiamiDadeCollege. • Byfederalregulation,OSHAreservesalicensetouseanddisseminatesuchmaterialforthepurposeofpromotingsafetyandhealthintheworkplace.MiamiDadeCollegeherebyauthorizesemployersandworkplacesafetyandhealthprofessionalstousethismaterial,distributedbyorthroughOSHA,in • theirworkplacesorpracticesinaccordancewiththeguidancecontainedinthematerial. • Tothisend,permissionisgrantedtousesuchcopyrightedmaterialsolelyfornon-commercial,instructional,personal,orscholarlypurposes.Thematerialmaybeusedandincorporatedintootherworkplacesafetyandhealthprogramsontheconditionthatnofeemaybechargedforthesubsequentuseofthematerial.Useofthematerialforanyotherpurpose,particularlycommercialuse,withouttheprior,expresswrittenpermissionofthecopyrightowner/sisprohibited.Furthermore,anymodificationtothematerialisprohibitedwithouttheprior,expresswrittenpermissionofthecopyrightowners. • OSHA-SusanHarwoodTrainingGrant

3. Results of a Fall • Theaveragefatalfallisonly6feet • A6’footfallgeneratesover3,200lbofforce– that is the approximate weightofan averagemidsizecar • Afallfrom10feethasan4outof5probabilityofcausingdeathorpermanentinjury • Afallfrom11feethasan8.5outof10chanceofcausingdeath

4. WhatHappensintheIndustry? • Analysis of incidents from a Fortune 500 Company: • Whenaslip,trip,orotherfallhappens • 77%ofthetimethefallincidentresultsinanOSHARecordableinjuryorhigher • 50%ofthetime,thefallistothesamelevel • 72%ofthewalkingorworkingsurfaceshadsourcesofcontamination(water,product,etc.)thatwereslippedon • 50%ofthewalkingorworkingsurfaceshadsourcesofcontamination(nails,pipes,etc.)thatweretrippedover • 36%ofthetime,thefallistoalowerlevel • 16%ofthetime,thefallinvolvesstairs • 19%ofthetime,thefallinvolvesaladder

5. WhatHappensinaFallwitha1.8m(6ft)lanyard?

6. WhatisaFallHazard? • TypesofFallHazards: • Fallstoalowerlevel • Fallstothesamelevel • Fallstoahigherlevel • Slips& Trips

7. Training Objectives • RecognitionofFallHazards • ReviewofApplicableStandards/Regulations • BasicFallPreventionPrinciples • BasicFallProtectionPrinciples • InspectionPrinciples • RescuePrinciples

8. RegulatorySummary • OccupationalSafetyandHealthAdministration(OSHA)Regulations • AmericanNationalStandardsInstitute(ANSI)Regulations • CanadianSafetyAssociates(CSA)Regulations

9. RegulatorySummary-OSHAGeneralIndustry

10. RegulatorySummary-OSHAConstruction

11. MostCommonU.S.Requirements • >1.2meters(4feet)abovetheworkingsurfaceforgeneraltasks • –OSHA1910 - General Industry • >1.8meters(6feet)abovetheworkingsurfaceforconstructionordemolitiontasks • –OSHA1926 - Construction

12. MostCommonU.S.Requirements •Within1.8meters(6feet)oftheroofedge

13. SolutionChoices • UsetheHierarchyofControl • Engineering • Administrative • PersonalProtectiveEquipment

14. Engineering • Eliminate The Risk • Avoid working at height where possible or locate plant and • equipment in safe locations where there’s no risk of a fall. • After all, if you’re not at height, gravity has much less pull.

15. Administrative • Guard The Hazard • When working at height is essential, ensure that workers aren’t exposed to unnecessary risks by providing a parapet or guardrail to eliminate fall hazards.

16. Personal Protective Equipment • Protect The Worker • If it’s not possible to eliminate the risk of falling, use the • appropriate fall protection system to help minimize the • consequences of a fall. This is achievable through either • a fall arrest or fall restraint system.

17. Commonly Used Terms • “Fall Restraint” and “Fall Arrest” are commonly used terms in the industry. Identifying the difference between the two is crucial in terms of understanding where and why a particular system should be used. • FALL RESTRAIN • Used when looking to prevent workers from reaching a point where a fall could happen. It’s generally suited for persons who need to work at the edge of a hazard – for example, maintaining gutters along the edge of a roof. • FALL ARREST • Comes into consideration when a worker can access a point at which a fall can occur. A fall arrest system will safely arrest a fall, which would then be followed by the appropriate rescue procedure.

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26. FallHazardAnalysis • Beforefindingasolution–thehazardmustbeevaluated. • UseHazardorRiskPrediction--Whataretheconditionsandbehaviorstoconsider? • Howwillwegettotheworkarea? • Whatarethehazardsbelowtheworkarea? • Howhighistheworkarea? • Arethereholesoropeningsbeloworaroundtheworkarea? • Aretheresliportriphazardsaroundtheworkarea? • Howdifficultisittorescuesomeoneiftheyfall?

27. Picture

28. FallHazardSolutions • Oncefallhazardsareidentified–workonoptionsforsolution • ApplytheHierarchyofControl–firstprevent,thenprotect • WhataremyoptionsforFallRestrain? • WhataremyoptionsforFallArrest?

29. FallPreventionOptions • PlatformsandRailings • Lifts • Scaffolding • Ladders • FallRestraintSystems • MobileStairs

30. FallPreventionOptions–Ladders Is this correct ladder usage?

31. FallPreventionOptions–FallRestraint • FallRestraintSystem • Usedwithafullybodyharnessandanchorage • ConsideredaCollectiveSystem • AdvantagesandDisadvantages?

32. FallProtectionOptions–PersonalProtectiveEquipment • FullBodyHarness • EnergyAbsorbingLanyard • Self-RetractingLanyard • Connectors • LadderClimbingDevices • VerticalLifeline • HorizontalLifeline • Thesehavespecificdesignandperformancerequirements,someareestablished,andsomemustbeengineered. • Alltheserequireadditionaltrainingandbackground.

33. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–FullBodyHarness • FullBodyHarness • Legclosures • Nometalabovethewaistforelectricalwork • BackD-ringforfallarrest • FrontD-ringforrescue • SideD’sforpositioning • Kevlarforhotwork/welding • WhataboutBodyBelts?

34. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–Connectors • •Connectors- • Doublelockingsnaphooks • LockingCarabiners–usewithhorizontallifelines

35. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–EnergyAbsorbingLanyard • EnergyAbsorbingLanyard • Energyabsorbershockpack • Doublelockingsnaphooks,orlockingcarabiner • Minimallengthforthework–nolongerthan1.8m(6feet)

36. FallProtectionBackground–Forces • MaximumArrestingForce • Forceonthebodycausedbystoppingafall • Maximumis1,800lb. by law • Minimumforcecausingbodydamage=2,700lb. • AllPPEisdesignedforamaximumfreefalldistanceof6feet andamaximumarrestingforceof1,800lb. • YOURGOAL: • Minimize the free fall distance to reduce arresting force

37. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–Self-RetractingLanyard •Self-RetractingLanyard • Doublelockingsnaphooks • Minimizesfreefalldistance • Maintainoverheadanchorage

38. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–LadderClimbingDevice • LadderClimbingDevice-- • UsedwithFixedLadders • Usedwithafullbodyharness • Minimallengthlanyardconnectedinfront

39. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–VerticalLifeline • VerticalLifelines • RopeGrabs

40. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–HorizontalLifeline •HorizontalLifelines –RequiresaQualifiedPersonforengineeringoranchoragecertification

41. FallProtectionBackground–PersonalProtectiveEquipment • WhatalldoweconsiderbeforeusingPPE? • Free-FallDistance • TotalFallDistance • MaximumArrestingForce • AnchoragePointStrengthandLocation • StrengthandLocationTypeofPPEDesired • BestcombinationfortheWorkatHeightstask

42. FallProtectionBackground–AnchoragePoints • Characteristics • Meetsthestrengthrequirement • Identified • Availableforroutinework • Easytouse • Whospecifiestheanchoragepoint? • Qualifiedperson

43. FallProtectionBackground–AnchoragePoints • Reviewedandcertifiedbyaqualifiedengineer • Canusebothtemporaryandpermanentanchoragepoints • EnsurethattheanchoragepointishighenoughforthePPEselected

44. FallProtectionBackground–AnchoragePoints • WhatifIdon’thaveanidentifiedanchoragepoint? • Useabuildingstructuralbeam(>30cm(12inches)deepanddistancebetweensupports<7.5m(25ft)) • WhatifIdon’tknowwhatforcemyanchoragepointwillhold? • Minimizethearrestingforce • Engineersneedtimetodotheirwork–pre-planningiskey!

45. FallProtectionBackground–AnchoragePoints

46. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–FormalInspection • Inspection/Maintenance-- • Frequency • Who? • Documentation? • Whatdowedowithbadequipment?

47. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–FormalInspection • Whatdoweinspectfor? • signsofwear; • cutorfrayededges; • damagedgrommets, • burns, • brokenstitches, • distortedsnaphooks, • looseordistortedrivets

48. PointsofFormalInspection Labels Stitching FabricComponents PlasticComponents MetalComponents

49. PersonalProtectiveEquipment–FormalInspection • Manufacturer’sFormalInspectionForms • ModelNumber • SerialNumber • Inspector • InspectionDate • DateMadeisDateofManufacture • Disposition–leftuntillastafterinspectioniscomplete • InspectionPoints

50. PersonalProtectiveEquipmentInspectionPointsofFullBodyHarness • FabricParts • Webbing • Stitching • MetallicParts • D-Rings/OvalRings • Buckles/Adjusters/Grommets • PlasticParts • BackD-ringLocator • StrapCollar • Labels • ToolBeltSupportClips