Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

1. Personalized Presentation inWeb-Based Information Systems Institute of Informatics and Software Engineering Faculty of Informatics and Information Technologies Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava Michal Tvarožek, Michal Barla, Mária Bieliková

2. Presentation outline • Motivation • What is the problem? • Personalized presentation layer architecture • Evaluation • Summary Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

3. Motivation • Large open information spaces • Navigation and search related problems • “Lost in hyperspace” syndrome • Many (irrelevant) search results  Adaptive WIS (web-based information systems) • Few “standard” solutions • New adaptive WIS = start from “square one” Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

4. Adaptive WIS problems • No standard software architecture available • Used mostly for e-learning applications • Existing reference models (Dexter, AHAM) • Deal with mostly abstract stuff • Ignore software development and reuse aspects • HERA methodology focuses more on presentation than adaptation and user modeling Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

5. User modeling problems • Automatic creation of a user model is difficult • Logging without semantics • Hard-coded evaluation logic depends on a specific domain and implementation • Web log analysis yields bad results • Purely server-side approach • Extensive pre-processing required • Better suited for overall statistics gathering than the evaluation of individual users’ characteristics • Sharing of user models between tools or applications requires common ground Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

6. Goals • Devise the architecture of an adaptive WIS based on the use of interconnected software tools • Identify tool roles and interconnects • Focus on extensibility and flexibility • Support architecture/tool reuse for different application domains • Stress interoperability and “common ground” between tools Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

7. Architecture overview Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

8. Portal • Facilitates user management tasks • User registration • User authentication and authorization • Provides a single “global” user interface • Ensures a common “look & feel” • Integrates individual presentation tools as pluggable portlets that can be added, removed or reordered Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

9. Architecture overview Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

10. Presentation tools • Perform adaptive presentation of content • Allow for the use of different views/perspectives suitable for individual users • The same data can be viewed e.g. with a • Faceted browser • Cluster visualization tool • Form-filling tool Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

11. Architecture overview Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

12. Client-side logging • Captures client-side events that would otherwise go unnoticed • Hovering on items • Java script interaction • “Back” button • Form filling actions (e.g. the order of fields) Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

13. Architecture overview Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

14. Server-side logging • Integrates event data from various sources • Creates one continuous stream of events for • Each user • Each user session • Preserves the semantics of events supplied by individual tools; • Instead of GET www.x.com/overview.do?id=456&att=loc&r=33 • We get: <John>, <SelectRestriction>(<location>, <California>) • Circumvents the tight coupling of presentation and log analysis tools in traditional approaches • Makes the log data accessible to all user modeling tools Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

15. Architecture overview Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

16. User characteristics evaluation • Continuously evaluates user event log data • Estimates individual users’ characteristics • Updates the user model • Evaluates • User navigation • Implicit user feedback on presented content • User behavior consistency or lack thereof Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

17. Evaluation • Within the context of projects • NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: job offers • Tools for Acquisition, Organization and Maintenance ofKnowledge in an Environment of Heterogeneous Information Resources • MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk); domain: scientific publications • Modeling and Acquisition, Processing and Employing Knowledge About User Activities in the Internet Hyperspace • Project constraints • Implementation environment Java 5 • Presentation framework Apache Cocoon • Ontological repository Sesame Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

18. How it works? Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

19. What can we do with it? • Personalize facet layout • Improve response time • Reduce the number of necessary clicks Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

20. Key issues I. • Interoperability and “common ground” between tools • Requires common information and semantics representation  Ontologies provide means for defining common semantics • Domain, user and event ontology • Automatic user model acquisition • Built-in comprehensive logging of user interaction with semantics • Client-side • Server-side • Automatic event log evaluation • Continuous user characteristics estimation Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

21. Key issues II. • Flexibility and extensibility • Modular architecture composed of interconnected software tools • Simultaneous support for the use and integration of multiple presentation/user modeling tools • Reusability • Generic domain independent tools for specific tasks Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems

22. Summary • Generic architecture of the personalized presentation layer of adaptive WIS • Evaluation within projects • NAZOU (nazou.fiit.stuba.sk)~ job offers • MAPEKUS (mapekus.fiit.stuba.sk) ~ publications • Future work • Analyze possibilities of tool orchestration • Devise methods of cooperation between multiple tools used for the same task Tvarožek et al. Personalized Presentation in Web-Based Information Systems