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COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM

COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM. Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills 11 th Edition David W. Johnson Frank P. Johnson. Purposes. What Is Cooperative Learning And Why Use It? What Are the Cooperative Learning Outcomes? How Do You Structuring Formal CL?

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COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM

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  1. COOPERATIVE LEARNING IN THE CLASSROOM Joining Together: Group Theory and Group Skills 11th Edition David W. Johnson Frank P. Johnson

  2. Purposes • What Is Cooperative Learning And Why Use It? • What Are the Cooperative Learning Outcomes? • How Do You Structuring Formal CL? • How Do You Structuring Informal CL? • How Do You Structure Base Groups? • How Do You Use All Three Groups • What Is The Cooperative School?

  3. History of Cooperative Learning • Old Idea • Talmud, Quintillion & Seneca • Joseph Lancaster in England • Lancaster School in NY in 1806 • Common School Movement – early 1800s • Colonel Frances Parker • John Dewey

  4. Nature of Cooperative Learning • Social Interdependence • Individual’s outcomes are affected by others’ actions • Positive Interdependence • Individuals work together to achieve mutual goals • Negative Interdependence • Individuals work against each other to achieve a goal • Social Independence • Individual work alone, unaffected by others

  5. Types of Learning Groups • Formal Cooperative Learning Groups • Informal Cooperative Learning Groups • Cooperative Base Groups

  6. Formal Cooperative Learning • Team-Based Learning • Used to teach specific content • Students responsible for self-learning, group members’ learning, class learning • Completes a task, unit, or chapter • Emphasis on helping each other learn • The heart of an academic classroom

  7. Formal Cooperative Learning • Make Preinstructional Decisions • Explain the Task and Cooperative Structure • Monitor and Intervene • Evaluate and Process

  8. Preinstructional Decisions • Specify Instructional Objectives • Decide on Group Size • Assign Students to Groups • Assign Roles to Ensure Interdependence • Arrange the Room • Plan the Instructional Materials

  9. Structure Task and Cooperation • Explain Academic Task • Explain Criteria for Success • Structure Positive Interdependence • Structure Individual Accountability • Structure Intergroup Cooperation • Specify Desired Behaviors

  10. Monitor and Intervene • Monitor Students’ Behavior • Provide Task Assistance • Intervene to Teach Social Skills • Provide Closure to the Lesson

  11. Evaluate Learning and Process Group Interaction • Assess the Quality and Quantity of Learning • Process How Well the Group Functioned • Feedback • Reflection • Improvement Goals • Celebration

  12. Informal Cooperative Learning Groups • Focuses student attention on material • Sets a mood conducive to learning • Helps cognitively organize material • Sets attention and provides closure • Allows for identifying and correcting misconceptions, incorrect understanding, and gaps in comprehension • Personalizes learning experiences

  13. Use During Direct Instruction or Lecture • Introductory Focused Discussion • Advance organizer for learning • Establishes learning expectations • Intermittent Focused Discussions • Lecture Segments • Pair Discussions • Closure Focused Discussion

  14. Cooperative Base Groups • Long-term heterogeneous groups • Stable membership • Members give each other academic support • Members give each other personal support • They personalize the learning experience and provide a sense of belonging

  15. Base Group Tasks • Give Each Other Academic Support • Give Each Other Personal Support • Handle Routine Tasks • Help With Assessment and Evaluation Tasks

  16. Base Group Agendas • Opening Tasks • Greeting and Welcome • Relationship and group-building tasks • Check Homework • Review Progress: Ongoing Assignments • Closing Tasks • Review and Clarify Assignments • Discuss What Was Learned • Discuss Applications of Learning • Celebrate Member’s Hard Work

  17. Integrate the Use of the Groups • Start With Base Groups • Lecture With Informal Cooperative Learning • Guided Practice with Formal Cooperative Learning • End With Base Groups

  18. The Cooperative School • Classrooms use cooperative learning the majority of the time • Faculty meet in collegial teaching teams, task forces, and ad-hoc decision-making groups • Administrators meet in collegial teams

  19. Summary • Cooperative Learning Is The Effective Use Of Small Learning Groups • It Enhances Learning, Motivation, And More. • There Are Three Types Of Groups For Different Purposes • You Use These Groups In An Integrated Way To Enhance Learning • The Cooperative School Includes Faculty and Administration Cooperative Groups

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