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Solar Energy Systems in the Midwest William Guiney Johnson Controls, Inc

Solar Energy Systems in the Midwest William Guiney Johnson Controls, Inc. Sustainable Design Wednesday, October 5, 2011. Johnson Controls, Inc. Global Headquarters. 385 kW Solar PV Crystalline and Thin Film. 4000 gallon storage tank 34 collectors Solar Thermal. Solar Thermal Project .

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Solar Energy Systems in the Midwest William Guiney Johnson Controls, Inc

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  1. Solar Energy Systems in the MidwestWilliam Guiney Johnson Controls, Inc Sustainable Design Wednesday, October 5, 2011

  2. Johnson Controls, Inc. Global Headquarters 385 kW Solar PV Crystalline and Thin Film 4000 gallon storage tank 34 collectors Solar Thermal

  3. Solar Thermal Project

  4. Large Unpressurized Storage Heat Exchanger sized to flow rates Site specific

  5. Drain Back systems • Intermittent loads • Weekday use • Dorms

  6. Glycol systems: • Designed freezing climates • Provide balanced/consistent daily hot water (seven-day loads) • May require heat dump system

  7. Solar Water Heating Solar Thermal system supplies hot water to the cafeteria, fitness center and lavatories

  8. Expansion Tank and Glycol Make-up Solar Storage and Heat Exchanger BTU Meter Quantifies the Energy Production Solar Circulation Pumps

  9. Hot Water Demand SOLAR THERMAL is DESIGNED for 50-80% of the ACTUAL LOAD

  10. Plug and Play with Pre-Engineered Designs PROPAC ® MASS STORAGE SYSTEMS

  11. Drain Back HTU / Pumping Station Complete Pre-Engineered and Assembled System Kits Eliminate installation errors and maintain factory control

  12. Indirect Pressurized Glycol HTU / Pumping Station

  13. VISIO File System Schematics & Drawings

  14. Collector and Roof Details

  15. Solar Site Assessment

  16. Site Assessment: Introduction • Site assessment is critical for identifying the right location for Solar Thermal systems. • Factors that influence the decision are: • Collector location • Structural limitations • Aesthetics (appearance) • Exposure to elements • Pipe routing • Pipe penetrations • Storage tank size & location (single or multiple tanks)

  17. Site Assessment: Collector Location Rule of Thumb: Keep collector arrays in close proximity to the mechanical room. • Collector arrays may be mounted on: • Roof • Ground • Adjacent building

  18. Site Assessment: Collector Slope • Collector placement should: • Tilt to capture the best average annual performance (latitude) • Winter: latitude plus 10/15 degrees • Summer: latitude minus 10/15 degrees

  19. Site Assessment: Structural Limitations • Key points to consider: • Condition of the roof • Construction details • Wind load zone • Typical additional load to the roof is five to seven pounds

  20. Site Assessment: Exposure to Elements Tip: Walls with parapets are a better choice for mounting (over flat roofs without parapets). • Minimize wind load by: • Installing on interior areas of the roof • Mounting away from roof edges

  21. Site Assessment: Aesthetics Suggestion: Check with area building codes and by laws that may regulate collector location Outward visible appearance to the public eye.

  22. Site Assessment: Identifying the Solar Path Clear solar path will maximize solar production. • Use Solar Pathfinder to identify solar window. • Identify the best solar window for the right system size. • See Solar Thermal portal page for additional information.

  23. RETScreen • Used to estimate system output and % of load • Developed by Canadian Natural Resources Department • Most widely used program of it’s kind worldwide • Free Download - PC only

  24. Rules of Thumb • 1 sq. ft. of flat plate collector will heat 1 to 2 gallons of domestic water per day depending on the climate • Most collectors have similar performance • When comparing collector output, use “Net Aperture” • Smaller is better • Colder the supply temperature - higher the efficiency • Storage may have impact on the performance

  25. PV Overview Solar Photovoltaic

  26. Johnson Controls Global Headquarters5757 Green Bay Avenue Glendale, WI

  27. Different Types of PV Modules Polycrystalline or Multicrystalline Thin Film, Amorphous Single crystal or Monocrystalline U.S. DOE

  28. Basic Grid-Connected PV System Components PV Modules Electric Utility ServiceMeter DC Fusing/Combining System Tie-in Point DC Disconnect AC Disconnect Inverter W Guiney Oct 5, 2011

  29. Determines the actual performance at the customers site. Indianapolis, IN Each 5.25kW block = 6635 kWh/year Atlanta, GA 7235 kWh/yr Miami, FL 7220 kWh/yr Louisville, KY 6635 kWh/yr Milwaukee, WI 6616 kWh/yr Lexington, KY 6460 kWh/yr

  30. PV Site Evaluation Watch out for individual shading obstacles One cell shaded means major power loss.

  31. Rooftop Mounting Systems • Tilt-up rack • Ballasted Rack • Flush-Mount Rack – “Post and Rail”

  32. Ground Mounted PV System

  33. PV Canopy

  34. Photovoltaic System Over a Capped Landfill Bluehole Landfill – Milwaukee, WI 567 kW ballasted PV System

  35. BIPV Awnings or Sunshades

  36. PV Site Evaluation Watch out for inter-row shading on tilt-up arrays

  37. PV Site Evaluation South Module Shadow H Ground Spacing Spacing Required Between Rows for no shading at 9 am (or 3 pm) Dec. 21, at various Latitudes: (This assumes rows are running due east-west) W Guiney Oct 5, 2011

  38. PV Site Evaluation Array Tilt and Orientation Arrays don’t always need to face due south - Annual Power Output for various tilt angles, array directions: Source: NABCEP PV Study Guide

  39. PV Site Evaluation • Choosing location for inverter: • Indoors is usually first choice, but for large inverters this is sometimes not practical • Weight will be an issue • Many inverters have outdoor NEMA 3R enclosures standard • Avoid direct sun locations • Locate inverter near electrical service when possible makes tie-in, and grounding easier Indoor small array inverter Outdoor 250kW inverter

  40. PV Site Evaluation • Locations for combiner boxes, meters & disconnects: • If there is a separate PV meter it may need to be grouped w/building meter • Utility will often require exterior accessible lockable AC disconnect Combiner box and disconnect on the back of the racking System Disconnect and electric utility meter

  41. City of Tulare, CA

  42. QUESTIONS ??? Contact Information:

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