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Politics Develops Politically 1824-1840. Election of 1824. There were 4 “Republican” candidates Andrew Jackson --John Quincy Adams William Crawford --Henry Clay No one won a majority so the House of Representatives chose the winner.
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Election of 1824 • There were 4 “Republican” candidates • Andrew Jackson --John Quincy Adams • William Crawford --Henry Clay • No one won a majority so the House of Representatives chose the winner. • Henry Clay was Speaker of the House, arranged for JQ Adams to be Prez., Clay became VP. • Jackson had received the most votes, his supporters claimed a Corrupt Bargain had taken Prez away from him.
John Quincy Adams • 1st President who was son of a president. • Went to Harvard, Diplomat, Secretary of State. • As President tried to bring sections of country together with a network of highways and canals. • After serving as president, he served in the House of Representatives.
Jackson in 1828 • Election • Andrew Jackson beats John Quincy Adams • Supporters of Adams called Jackson a Jackass. He was a Democrat. So Democrats are Donkeys. • Republicans as Elephants came after the Civil War.
Jackson takes over • Jacksons was the 1st “Frontier President” • Because he was such a hero of the common man, 15,000 people came to his inauguration. The party got out of control at the White House, Jackson had to run away to a hotel to sleep. • Spoils System=When Jackson took over he replaced many Govt. workers with his supporters. • Problem was many were incompetent.
The Tariff of 1828 • Very high, Southerners were unhappy because tariffs protected industry at the expense of exports. • VP John C. Calhoun wrote a denunciation of the tariff. He called for Nullification. States declaring the tariff null and void within their borders.
The Trail of Tears • 1830 Indian Removal Act: Forced Native Americans East of the Mississippi to move to Oklahoma. • Why Oklahoma? Because it sucks. • Bureau of Indian Affairs was set up to deal with Native Americans for the govt. • Countless Native Americans died on forced marches to the West.
The Bank War • Andrew Jackson hated the Bank of the United States because he felt it had too much power. • Henry Clay wanted to recharter the Bank in 1832 to make it an issue in the Presidential Election of 1832. • Jackson vetoed the recharter bill. Common people loved him.
Nicholas Biddle • Child Genius, Graduated from Princeton at 15. • Was a diplomat in France during Napoleonic Wars. • Was a state senator before becoming Director of Bank of the United States.
Presidential Election of 1832 • Andrew Jackson kicked Clays butt. • AJ dropped John C. Calhoun for supporting nullification. • Replaced him with Martin Van Buren
Presidential Election of 1836 • Martin Van Buren (Jackson’s Successor) v. William Henry Harrison (Tippecanoe) • MVB won. • He had been Secretary of State 1829-1831 then Jacksons VP 1833-1837. • He was first Prez born a U.S. citizen.
Panic of 1837 • Prompted by get rich quick schemes involving land speculation. Also Jacksons veto of the National Bank. • Two British Banks failed, causing investors to call in American loans. Chain reaction collapsed many American banks.
Texas and Rebellion • Mexico gave land to Stephen Austin to bring Catholic families into Texas. They were supposed to become Mexican. • They didn’t. Texas declared Independence in 1836. Didn’t become a state until ten years later because adding it to Union would mean adding a slave state.
Presidential Election of 1840 • Martin Van Buren v. William Henry Harrison again. • This time “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too” won. They were Whigs. • MVB was very unpopular because of the Panic of 1837.
William Henry Harrison • Won Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811, than General in War of 1812, Governor of Indiana territory, Representative and Senator from Ohio. • 68 When elected Prez. Oldest until Reagan. • Harrison died 31 days after being inaugurated. • What to do?
Politics for the People • Politicians who were too uppity, too intellectual didn’t win elections. • People voted for men like themselves.
Two Party System • Democrats and Whigs • Democrats= Jackson, supported individual liberty • Whigs= WHH, favored National Bank, Protective Tariffs, Prohibition of Liquor and Abolition of Slavery • Basically Libertarians v. Big Government