Jacksonian Era: 1824-1840

1. Jacksonian Era:1824-1840 The Age of the Common Man

2. Election of 1824 • Four men ran: Crawford, Clay, Adams, and Jackson • “Corrupt bargain” www.webster_dictionary.org

3. Tried to pass bills for internal improvements, establishing schools, and protective tariffs. Tariff of Abominations (Tariff of 1828) Discredits Adams in election of 1828 John Quincy Adams

4. Election of 1828 • Electorate increased; elimination of property qualifications = universal white manhood suffrage • Beginning of the modern political party system – Jackson formed the Democratic Party Vote!

5. Jackson in Office • Jackson won by a large margin • Spoils system • His first inauguration opened the White House

6. Jackson and the Indians • Jackson wanted open land for settlers • Indian Removal Act 1830 provided for the removal of all Indian tribes east of the Mississippi

7. Cherokees, Choctaws, Seminoles, Creeks, and the Chicksaws (approximately 75,000 total) Lived in large parts of Georgia, the Carolinas, Alabama, Mississippi, and Tennessee Many of these tribes had adopted white/European customs (especially the Cherokees) Five Civilized Tribes

9. Supreme Court and Georgia Cherokee Nation v. Georgia (1831) Cherokees claimed that Georgia could not make laws because they were a sovereign nation; court refused to hear the case Worcester v. Georgia (1832) Marshall ruled that Georgia had no right to rule in Cherokee territory

10. Jackson Wins Relocation • Trail of Tears, 1838 – the forced march of Cherokees that led to thousands of deaths by sickness and starvation. • Relocated to Oklahoma

11. Jackson and the Bank • Bank charter was up in 1836, but Henry Clay and Daniel Webster suggested renewing it in 1832 ( to discredit Jackson) • Jackson vetoed the recharter bill and removed all federal funds from the bank and placed them in his “pet banks” – state banks mostly located in the West • Result of Bank War - There was a lot of speculation in Western lands and inflation in both land and goods

12. Nullification Crisis • Calhoun argued that tariffs benefited only one part of the country rather than the nation as a whole and therefore they should be declared unconstitutional • Convention met in South Carolina and votes to nullify the new LOWER tariff of 1832 • Force Bill gave Jackson the power to invade South Carolina if need be • South Carolina repealed its nullification of the tariff but then nullified the Force Bill

13. Nat Turner’s Rebellion • As the Northern Abolitionist movement grew, so did the number of slave revolts. • Nat Turner organized a revolt in which 60 whites were killed and mutilated • Whites retaliated and had 200 slaves executed • Southern states passed black codes The Capture of Nat Turner. From the Library of Congress Collection.

14. Rise of the Whig Party • Whigs were a loose organization, that was nationalist and opposed to one or more of Jackson’s policies • Many Whigs were social reformers • Election of 1836- Jackson backed his Vice President Martin Van Buren • Van Buren won, but inherited an economic crisis, the Panic of 1837

15. Election of 1840: Campaign of Log Cabins and Hard Cider • First modern election; campaigning and slogans • Smear campaign- did not focus on the issues • William Henry Harrison (Whig) vs. Van Buren (Democrat) • “Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!” • Harrison wins, dies in a month and Tyler takes over • Tyler vetoed Whig policies; president without a party