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THE MOLE

THE MOLE. What a fun concept. WHAT IS A MOLE?. A burrowing critter? A skin pigmentation? A word that evokes an enormous number? 1 mole of any substance equals 6.02 x 10 23 representative particles of that substance 6.02 x 10 23 is known as Avogadro’s number.

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THE MOLE

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  1. THE MOLE What a fun concept

  2. WHAT IS A MOLE? • A burrowing critter? • A skin pigmentation? • A word that evokes an enormous number? • 1 mole of any substance equals 6.02 x 1023 representative particles of that substance • 6.02 x 1023 is known as Avogadro’s number

  3. WHAT IS A REPRESENTATIVE PARTICLE? • It depends on what the substance is • What can a substance be? • Element • Anything but the BrINClHOF elements which are diatomic molecules in nature • Molecular compound • Made of two or more nonmetals…includes BrINClHOF elements with their subscripts of 2 • Ionic compound • Made of a metal and a nonmetal or contains a polyatomic ion

  4. A HANDY LITTLE CHART

  5. SO, HERE WE GO… • 1 mol of Fe contains 6.02 x 1023atoms of Fe • 1 mol of Br2 contains 6.02 x 1023molecules of Br2 • 1 mol of NaCl contains 6.02 x 1023formula units of NaCl • 1 mol of SO3 contains 6.02 x 1023molecules of SO3 • 1 mol of Na2O contains 6.02 x 1023formula units of Na2O

  6. AND WE MAKE THAT INFO USEFUL BY WRITING IT AS… • 1 mol Fe 6.02 x 1023atoms Fe • 1 mol of Br2 6.02 x 1023molec Br2 • 1 mol of NaCl 6.02 x 1023fu NaCl • 1 mol of SO3 6.02 x 1023molec SO3 • 1 mol Na2O 6.02 x 1023fu Na2O

  7. OR WE CAN FLIP THEM TO GET… • 6.02 x 1023atoms Fe 1 mol Fe • 6.02 x 1023molec Br2 1 mol of Br2 • 6.02 x 1023fu NaCl 1 mol of NaCl • 6.02 x 1023molec SO3 1 mol of SO3 • 6.02 x 1023fu Na2O 1 mol Na2O

  8. SMALLER BITS? • Only for molecules and formula units • 1 molec Br2 has 2 atoms of Br • 1 fu NaCl has 1 Na1+ ion and 1 Cl1- ion • 1 molec SO3 has 1 S atom and 3 O atoms • 1 fu Na2O has 2 Na1+ ions and 1 O2- ion

  9. MOLAR MASS • The mass of one mole of a substance • Use average atomic masses from the periodic table and round their masses to the hundredths place for consistency • Unit is g/mol • 1 mol Fe = 55.85 g Fe …55.85 g Fe = 1 mol Fe • 1 mol Fe or 55.85 g Fe 55.85 g Fe 1 mol Fe

  10. MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND • For a compound, you must calculate the molar mass • Molar Mass of Br2 Br---2 x 79.90 = 159.80 g/mol • 1 mol Br2 or 159.80 g Br2 159.80 g Br2 1 mol Br2

  11. MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND • Molar Mass of NaCl Na---1 x 22.99 = 22.99 Cl--- 1 x 35.45 = 35.45 58.44 g/mol • 1 mol NaCl or 58.44 g NaCl 58.44 g NaCl 1 mol NaCl

  12. MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND • Molar Mass of SO3 S---1 x 32.06 = 32.06 O---3 x 16.00 = 48.00 80.06 g/mol • 1 mol SO3 or 80.06g SO3 80.06 g SO3 1 mol SO3

  13. MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND • Molar Mass of Na2O Na---2 x 22.99 = 45.98 O--- 1 x 16.00 = 16.00 61.98 g/mol • 1 mol Na2O or 61.98 g Na2O 61.98 g Na2O 1 mol Na2O

  14. MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND • Molar Mass of Ca(OH)2 Ca---1 x 40.08 = 40.08 O--- 2 x 16.00 = 32.00 H--- 2 x 1.01 = 2.02 74.10 g/mol • 1 mol Ca(OH)2 or 74.10 g Ca(OH)2 74.10 g Ca(OH)2 1 mol Ca(OH)2

  15. MOLAR MASS OF A COMPOUND • Molar Mass of Mg(C2H3O2)2 Mg---1 x 40.08 = 24.31 C--- 4 x 12.00 = 48.00 H--- 6 x 1.01 = 6.06 O--- 4 x 16.00 = 64.00 142.37 g/mol • 1 mol Mg(C2H3O2)2 or 142.37 g Mg(C2H3O2)2 142.37 g Mg(C2H3O2)2 1 mol Mg(C2H3O2)2

  16. ANOTHER HANDY CHART 1 mol

  17. AND NOW, YOU PUT IT ALL TOGETHER • How many atoms of helium are in 4.50 mol of helium? • Is helium an element, molecular compound, or ionic compound? • What is its representative particle? • Use your given information to begin your dimensional analysis or unit conversion…always write a number, unit, and substance 4.50 mol He x 6.02 x 1023 atoms He = 2.71 x 1024 atoms He 1 mol He

  18. SO, HAVE FUN • If a sample of chlorine gas contains 2.97 x 1024 atoms of Cl, how many moles of chlorine gas are there? • Is chlorine gas an element, molecular compound, or ionic compound? • What is its representative particle? • Use your given information to begin your dimensional analysis or unit conversion…always write a number, unit, and substance 2.97 x 1024atoms Clx 1 molec Cl2x 1 mol Cl2 = 2 atoms Cl 6.02 x 1023molec Cl2

  19. PRACTICING • How many sulfide ions are present in 10.0 g of ferric sulfide? • Is ferric sulfide an element, molecular compound, or ionic compound? • What is its representative particle? • Use your given information to begin your dimensional analysis or unit conversion…always write a number, unit, and substance 10.0 g Fe2S3x 1 mol Fe2S3 x 6.02 x 1023 fu Fe2S3x 207.88 g Fe2S3 1 mol Fe2S3 3 ions S2- = 1 fu Fe2S3

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