Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

1. د.زينب عبد الأمير جعفر مدرس في كلية الطب الجامعة المستنصرية فرع النسائية والتوليد Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

2. sexually transmitted infections (STIs) • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) include • those infections, which are predominantly transmitted through sexual contact from an infected partner.

3. Although the transmission of the infections is mostly due to sexual contact, other modes of transmissioninclude • placental (HIV, syphilis) • by blood transfusion or infected needles (HIV, hepatitis B or syphilis) • Sharing tools and needle stick injuries • Mixture of infectious body fluids (blood, semen, vaginal secretions)

4. From a pregnant woman to her infants through breast milk • by inoculation into the infant’s mucosa when it passes through the birth canal (gonococcal, chlamydial, or herpes) • Infestations (scabies and pubic lice) can also be transmitted through shared clothing, bedding, linens etc.

5. BODY FLUIDS: Which are considered to be infectious • Semen • Vaginal fluid • Blood • Fluid in sores or blisters • Saliva • Tears • Sweat • Urine • Ear wax

6. METHODS OF TRANSMISSION:Low Risk or No Risk • Hugging • Kissing • Holding hands • Dancing • Sharing lip balm • Massage • Sharing forks, knives, etc. Sitting on toilets

7. METHODS OF TRANSMISSION:High Risk • Sexual relation shipe • Blood-to-blood contact • Sharing needles or other drug-use equipment • Tattoo or body piercing • Infected mother to her baby

8. Risk factors

9. : Factors that may increase that risk include: • Having unprotected relationship. • Having sexual contact with multiple partners • Having a history of STIs. • Rape condition • Abusing alcohol or using recreational drugs. • Injecting drugs. • Being young. Half of STIs occur in people between the ages of 15 and 24. one quarter of the sexually active population

11. Bacterial STI’s • Can be treated and cured with antibiotics • Untreated infection can cause PID, infertility, & epididymiti

12. Bacterial STI’s

13. Bacterial STI’s

14. Bacterial STI’s

15. Bacterial STI’s

16. Bacterial STI’s

17. Bacterial STI’s

18. Bacterial STI’s

19. Viral STI’s • There is NO cure • Medication available to treat symptoms only • Can pass onto others for the rest of your life

20. Viral STI’s

21. Viral STI’s

22. Viral STI’s

23. Viral STI’s

24. Viral STI’s

25. Protozoal

26. Protozoal

27. Fungal • Candida albicans

28. Parasitic STI’s

29. Parasitic STI’s

30. There is rising incidence of STIs throughout the globe the reasons for this are: • Rising prevalence of viral infections like HIV, hepatitis B and C. • Increased use of ‘Pill’ and IUCD which cannot prevent STI • there is an increased promiscuity • Lack of sex education and inadequate practice of safer sex. • Increased rate of overseas travel. • Increased detection due to heightened awareness.

31. STI symptoms

32. STI symptoms • unusual discharge from the vagina, penis or anus • N. gonorrhoeae • C. trachomatis • trichomoniasis • genital herpes (especially primary HSV-2 infection).

33. STI symptoms • Genital, Anal, or Perianal Ulcers ,blisters ,sores around the genitals or anus • Genital herpes • syphilis • chancroid

34. primary syphilis: (3 days – 3 months), painless sore called a chancre

35. Genital Herpes

36. STI symptoms • Painful or burning urination • (Urethritis ) • N. gonorrhoeae • C. trachomatis

37. STI symptoms • Sore, swollen lymph nodes, particularly in the groin but sometimes more widespread • Lower abdominal pain • Fever • Rash over the trunk, hands or feet

38. Secondary syphilis: (2 – 24 weeks) rash on the body, palms of hands & soles of feet, hair loss, feeling sick • Secondary: (2 – 24 weeks) rash on the body, palms of hands & soles of feet, hair loss, feeling sick

39. STI symptoms • lumps or skin growths around the genitals or anus • unusual vaginal bleeding • itchy genitals or anus • dyspareunia

40. Human Papilloma Virus or HPV(Genital Warts)

41. GONORRHEA: • Female • Increased vaginal discharge • Painful urination • Lower abdominal pain • Bleeding after sex and between periods • Pain during sex • Male • Thick, yellowish-green discharge from penis • Painful urination • Testicular pain or swelling • Rectal pain, discharge or itching

42. COMPLICATION • Pelvic pain • Pregnancy complications eg.ectopic pregnancy • Eye inflammation • Arthritis • Pelvic inflammatory disease • Infertility • Heart disease • Certain cancers, such as HPV-associated cervical and rectal cancers

43. investigations

44. investigations • blood tests • (Serological test : can confirm the diagnosis of HIV or later stages of syphilis. • DNA base detection(PCR) or (LCR) • ELISA

45. investigations • Urine samples. • Fluid samples. • Swab and Culture required the urethral,ulcer,cxand rectal • Collecting serum from vesicle by syringe • Tissue culture

46. treatment

47. Treatment depending on the infection • Antibiotics: a single dose, can cure many sexually transmitted bacterial and parasitic infections, including (gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia and trichomoniasis) • it's important to abstain from sex until you've completed treatment and any sores have healed. • Antiviral drugs. You'll have fewer herpes recurrences if you take daily suppressive therapy with a prescription antiviral drug.

48. Clinical Prevention

49. Clinical Prevention • The prevention and control of STDs are based on the following major strategies : • accurate risk assessment and education and counseling of persons at risk on ways to avoid STDs through changes in sexual behaviors and use of recommended prevention services. • identification of asymptomatically infected persons and persons with symptoms associated with STDs

50. Clinical Prevention • effective diagnosis, treatment, counseling, and follow up of infected persons • evaluation, treatment, and counseling of sex partners of persons who are infected with an STD • Use of barrier contraception: Condom, diaphragm, spermicides