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Claudius

Claudius. Alana Scarpaci. General Information. August 1, 10 BC-October 13, 54 AD Born in Gaul Ruled from 41-54 AD Member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty Father: Nero Claudius Drusus Mother: Antonia Minor Siblings: Germanicus and Livilla Tiberus Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus.

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Claudius

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  1. Claudius Alana Scarpaci

  2. General Information • August 1, 10 BC-October 13, 54 AD • Born in Gaul • Ruled from 41-54 AD • Member of the Julio-Claudian dynasty • Father: Nero Claudius Drusus • Mother: Antonia Minor • Siblings: Germanicus and Livilla • Tiberus Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus

  3. Family and Early Life • In 9 BC, his father died on campaign in Germania • Afflicted with a limp and slight deafness • Mother passed him off to his grandmother Livia • Then put under the care of a “former mule-driver” • In 7 AD, Livy was hired to tutor him •  Claudius began work on a history of the Civil Wars

  4. Family and Early Life • Arch of Pavia erected with his name inscribed • Augustus dies in 14 AD, and Tiberius allowed him to start the cursushonorum • Requested office and was shut down • Had the respect of the general public • They requested that Claudius should be allowed to debate in the Senate • Caligula appointed him co-consul in 37 AD

  5. Assassination of Caligula • Assassinated January 24, 41 AD • Claudius hid when the German guard cut several uninvolved noblemen • Praetorian declared him princeps • The Senate heard of this claim and demanded to see Claudius for approval • The Senate was forced to give in and Claudius pardoned nearly all assassins

  6. As Emperor • Adopted the name “Caesar” and dropped the name “Nero” • Because he was proclaimed Emperor on the initiative of the Praetorian Guard instead of the Senate, he suffered at the hands of commentators • Resorted to bribery to secure army loyalty • Claudius remained grateful to the guard,  issuing coins with tributes to the Praetorians in the early part of his reign

  7. Expansion of the Empire • Thrace, Noricum, Pamphylia, Lycia, and Judea were annexed • In 43 AD, Claudius sent AulusPlautius with four legions to Britain • Material wealth • Haven for Gallic rebels • The Roman coloniaofColonia Claudia Victricensis was established as the provincial capital of the newly established province of Brittania at Camulodunum, where a large temple was dedicated in his honour.

  8. Expansion of the Empire • The Senate granted him “triumph” • When the British general Caractacus was captured in 50 AD, Claudius granted him clemency • Claudius conducted a census in 48 that found 5,984,072 Roman citizens • He had helped increase this number through the foundation of Roman colonies that were granted blanket citizenship

  9. Judicial & Legislative • Claudius also made a law requiring plaintiffs to remain in the city while their cases were pending • He freed the island of Rhodes from Roman rule for their good faith and exempted Troy from taxes • Because of riots between Greeks and Jews, Claudius wrote the “Letter to the Alexandrians”, stating the affirmation of Jewish rights in the city, but they couldn’t bring any more people into the city.

  10. Public Works • Built 2 aqueducts and restored one • Built roads and canals • he repealed the taxes that Caligula had instituted on food, and further reduced taxes on communities suffering drought or famine • Wanted to increase the amount of arable land by draining the Fucine Lake, but this failed

  11. Claudius & the Senate • When introducing a law, he sat on a bench between the consuls in his position as Holder of the Power of Tribune • He allowed the Senate to issue its own bronze coinage for the first time since Augustus • He also put the Imperial provinces of Macedonia and Achaea back under Senate control. • In 47 he assumed the office of Censor with LuciusVitellius • He also increased the number of Patricians by adding new families to the dwindling number of noble lines

  12. Claudius & the Senate • Several coup attempts were made during Claudius' reign, resulting in the deaths of many senators • In 46, Asinius Gallus, and Titus Statilius Taurus Corvinus were exiled for a plot hatched with several of Claudius' own freedmen

  13. Secretariat & Centralization of Powers • The secretariat was divided into bureaus, with each being placed under the leadership of one freedman •  Narcissus was the secretary of correspondence • Pallas became the secretary of the treasury • Callistus became secretary of justice • Polybius became secretary of miscellaneous issues • Regardless of the extent of their political power, the freedmen did manage to amass wealth through their positions

  14. Scholarly Works • Major works included an Etruscan history and 8 volumes on Carthaginian history • He proposed a reform of the Latin alphabet by the addition of three new letters • He wrote an 8-volume autobiography • Nothing actually survives • Many works were based on plans first suggested by Julius Caesar

  15. Death • Stories of death vary, but many believe him to have been poisoned • Almost all implicate Agrippina, his last wife, to be the instigator • Claudius' ashes were interred in the Mausoleum of Augustus on October 24, after a funeral in the manner of Augustus

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