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Victimisation in Galeshewe

Victimisation in Galeshewe. Jean Redpath. Presentation overview . Galeshewe at area level Data source SAPS crime data Galeshewe at the level of the individual

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Victimisation in Galeshewe

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  1. Victimisation in Galeshewe Jean Redpath

  2. Presentation overview • Galeshewe at area level • Data source SAPS crime data • Galeshewe at the level of the individual • Data source a survey of 800 respondents conducted in early 2010 for the Sol Plaatje Municipality by the Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention Survey by Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention www.cjcp.org.za

  3. Galeshewe a high crime area • Low income areas in South Africa have low rates of both violent and property crime • Urban townships such as Galeshewe have relatively high incomes compared to poorest rural areas • Urban townships have high crime rates as a result of urbanisation coupled with apartheid topography

  4. Illustration by O'Donovan

  5. Illustration by O'Donovan

  6. Violent nature of crime Police in Galeshewe are investigating a case of murder and attempted murder after the body of a 25-year-old man was found with multiple stab wounds on his chest, back and head. Provincial police spokesperson Capt Tony Modise said the incident happened next to the shopping complex in Ramatshela street this weekend… In another weekend crime, a 29-year-old man was found with stab wounds in the chest and head. Modise said the incident happened yesterday morning at Santa Shack in Galeshewe. "It's alleged that the deceased and three men were involved in an argument inside a local tavern," Modise said.’ Press report 22 November 2010

  7. Many crimes fewer victims • SAPS data shows high rate of crime in Galeshewe • Survey shows the vast majority (two-thirds) of people have never in their lifetimes been victims of crime • Survey indicates multiple victims account for disproportionate number of crimes • as much as half of the crimes counted in the survey were committed against only 10% of the population • Survey analysis shows some people are more or less likely to be victims of crime than others • ‘Risk factors’ and ‘protective factors’ identified

  8. Men aged around 30 at risk • Demographic and social factors • Increasing risk: • Being age 27-31 (43% ever-victim versus 31% among persons of other ages) (39% increase in risk) • Being male (39% ever victim versus 29% of women) (34% increase in risk) • Having completed high school (38% versus 30%) (27% increase in risk).

  9. Lifestyle choices increase risk • Behavioural risk factors • Increasing risk • Participating in sports (47% v 32%) (47% increase in risk) • Being a member of a stokvel(47% v 33%) (42% increase in risk) • Having ever taken drugs(41% ever-victim versus 30% among the drug-free) (37% increase in risk)

  10. Football, anger and self-esteem • Football people are angry people. There are riots at football grounds. Clubs attack each other about goal disputes … Most crime is conducted by football people, they think they are “big men” and get easily involved in crime, they easily get angry. They are involved in drugs and smoke ochre pipes before games. • Football players lack self-esteem. Many kids aged 11-15 are vulnerable to crime and easily learn wrong things. Coaches tend to coach only football and not life skills. At night players go to taverns taking the issues of the game with them. Part of the problem is that football is only started here at teenage when kids are particularly open to peer pressure. If it was started earlier children could learn the game positively. Another problem is “club-hopping” – players go to clubs outside their areas. Players should play for the clubs where they come from, so parents and neighbours can oversee their practices.

  11. Football and material wants • Players who are in prison are there because they like to wear new things, and so they steal. Also because sometimes they are “over-happy”, over-excited and commit crimes because of peer pressure. • (Crime prevention actors) must also be careful not to get involved with arranging games for hooligans and gangsters, providing food and clothes to Tsotsis. Why should players keep ties with their clubs if being bad gets you to go to play and get food and clothes for free? They don’t get food and clothes at their clubs. Anything done from a crime prevention perspective with football must be done with existing clubs and federations and must not undermine existing programmes or provide perverse incentives.

  12. Dop, dope en mors • Contextual risk factors • Perceived very easy access to alcohol (35% v 24% (46% increase in risk) • Perceived easy access to marijuana (37% v 27%) (37% increase in risk) • (Multiple victimisation) High perceived prevalence of graffiti (17% v 9%) (89% increase in risk)

  13. Family is the best protection • Demographic and social protective factors • Having children (40% ever victim among those without children versus 31% among those with children) (23% decrease in risk). • (Multiple victimisation) Being partnered: persons who are single are more than twice as likely as persons of more complicated marital status (married divorced widowed) to be victims (13% single versus 6% partnered) (117% increase in risk).

  14. ‘Crime and grime’ • Context /service delivery protective factors - Perceived adequate refuse collection (21% v 31%) (32% reduction in risk)

  15. Onnies en polisie • Context / service delivery protective factors • Perceived adequacy of schooling • (Multiple victimisation) Situated closer to police station (8% v 12%)(33% decrease in risk)

  16. Access to other drugs Access to knives Access to guns Access to malls Access to sports grounds Access to community halls Access to a tele-centre Access to mosques or churches Access to psycho-social support Access to skills development Prevalence of fights Living in a household which receives a social grant or not Living in a shack or not Living in a house or not Living in an RDP house or not Living in a household of four or more or not Going hungry or not Having a toilet in the home or not Being unemployed or not Having to collect water outside the home or not Being Tswana speaking or not Being Afrikaans speaking or not Being Coloured or not Being black or not Not significant for victimisation

  17. Specific crime types • Robbery • Similar risk factors to total victimisation • Robbery encompasses both property and violent crime • Burglary • Service delivery inadequacy perception indicators emerge as risk factors but not actual service delivery indicators • This may be because perceptions are in turn associated with the frequency of turnover of people in the area • Gender component disappears • Assault • Having a weapon emerges as risk factor • As does living close to police! • Theft • Gender component disappears • Employment and formal housing increases risk of theft

  18. Implications • Crime prevention interventions with past victims may have disproportionate impact • Crime prevention requires greater focus on context and behavioural components • Crime prevention requires highly localised interventions

  19. www.quanta.org.za

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