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HEARING IMPAIRMENTS

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HEARING IMPAIRMENTS

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    1. HEARING IMPAIRMENTS Done by: Mahad A. Warsame

    3. Facts about hearing impairments and deafness 278 million - moderate to profound bilateral hearing loss. (WHO 2005) ? population and longer life expectancies. 80% of deaf and hearing-impaired -low- and middle-income countries. Chronic middle ear infection is the leading cause of mild to moderate hearing impairment in children.

    4. Facts about hearing impairments and deafness cont… 50% of deafness and hearing impairment is avoidable through prevention, early diagnosis and management. Current annual production of hearing aids is estimated to meet less than 10% of global need. Hearing impairment impacts development in ? Speech ? Language ? Education ? Social integration

    5. Severity of impact related to ? level and type of hearing impairment, ? age of onset, especially if it begins before the age of speech development

    6. Presbycusis is a common problem among older individuals. ? Hearing loss = 3rd most common chronic health condition among older Americans

    7. HEARING IMPAIRMENTS Refers to complete or partial loss of the ability to hear from one or both ears. There are different levels of hearing impairment: mild, moderate, severe or profound.

    9. TYPES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT A conductive hearing impairment:hearing impairment caused by interference with sound or vibratory energy in the external canal, middle ear, or ossicles. A sensorineural hearing impairment: is one resulting from dysfunction in the inner ear, especially the cochlea where sound vibrations are converted into neural signals, or in any part of the brain that subsequently processes these signals.

    11. CAUSES OF HEARING IMPAIRMENT AND DEAFNESS

    12. Conductive causes: 1- Obstructed external ear canal: -Cerumen (wax) build-up,  -Hematoma(blood collection), or -foreign body in the ear canal. This is one of the most common causes of hearing loss and the easiest to fix.  2- Perforated tympanic membrane: Caused by direct trauma such as: -finger or cotton swab, -middle-ear infections or - explosions. 

    15. 3- Dislocated ossicle: (malleus, incus, or stapes) - Usually from trauma to the ear  4- Otitis media: Middle ear infection.  5- Otitis externa: Infection of the ear canal that causes it to swell.

    17. Sensorineural causes 1- perinatal causes: a.viral infections (Rubella) b. LBW c.Prematurity d.hypoxia e. prolonged labor 2-Post natal causes: a. Rh incompatibility leading to kirnecterus which is neurotoxic. b. Infections: most important is bacterial meningitis( streptococcus) Mmumps, Measels, Influenza, Herpes simplex ,Herpes zoster, Syphilis 3- Barotrauma (pressure trauma) or ear squeeze: Usually in divers  4- Head trauma: a fracture of the temporal bone can disrupt the nerves of the auditory system  5-Acoustic trauma: Prolonged exposure to loud noises causes the hair cells on the cochlea to become less sensitive. 

    18. 6- Ototoxic drugs: Certain drugs can affect hearing by damaging the nerves involved in hearing. Usually this occurs when large or toxic doses are used but may also occur with lower doses.  * Antibiotic: including aminoglycosides (gentamicin, vancomycin) erythromycins, and minocycline. * Diuretics including furosemide  and ethacrynic acid.  * Salicylates (aspirin) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen and naproxen.  *Antineoplastics (cancer drugs)

    19. 7- Vascular diseases: include sickle cell disease, diabetes, leukemia, polycythemia, and diseases in which excessive blood clotting occurs.  8- Children and adults with kidney problems are more susceptible to sensorineural hearing loss.  9- Ménière disease: A disease that affects hearing and balance. It is usually associated with tinnitus, vertigo, nausea, vomiting, and progressive deafness., It has a gradual onset and often progresses to deafness and severe vertigo. The cause is unknown.  10- Acoustic neuroma: a tumor in the auditory nerve. Usually associated with ringing in the ears.  11- presbyacusis: loss of ability to perceive or discriminate sounds as a part of the aging process; the pattern and age of onset may vary.

    21. Symptoms of Hearing Impairment The sensation of hearing  impairment can be experienced and described in many ways. These include hearing loss, muffled hearing, distorted hearing and ringing in the ears (tinnitus). Hearing impairment can occur slowly and gradually or suddenly. Symptoms that accompany hearing impairment vary depending on the underlying disease, disorder or conditions. Hearing loss may be unilateral or bilateral. Unilateral hearing loss is most often associated with conductive causes, trauma, and acoustic neuroma.

    22. Symptoms of hearing loss..cont Symptoms that can accompany hearing impairment due to ear infections include fever, ear pain, fullness in the ear, chills and a discharge for the ear. Symptoms that can occur with hearing impairment due to:Meniere’s disease or labyrinthitis include tinnitus, vertigo, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.

    23. Symptoms of hearing loss..cont Symptoms that can accompany hearing impairment due to barotrauma include ear pressure, ear pain, tinnitus and dizziness. Symptoms that can occur with hearing impairment due to ruptured eardrum include ear pain and ear discharge. Symptoms that can occur with hearing impairment due to earwax blockage include plugged ear and tinnitus.

    26. Thanks for listening

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