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FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001)

FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001). Scares each side away from intentional aggression. Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in:. Sov. bomber able to hit US. Anti nuclear protests in West.

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FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001)

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  1. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  2. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001)

  3. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138)

  4. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138)

  5. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons

  6. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons

  7. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons

  8. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons

  9. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140)

  10. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  11. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  12. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  13. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  14. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  15. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  16. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  17. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  18. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137)

  19. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Sov. bomber able to hit US US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb US space program to catch SU Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  20. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Sov. bomber able to hit US US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb US space program to catch SU Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  21. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Sov. bomber able to hit US US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb US space program to catch SU Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  22. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Sov. bomber able to hit US US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb US space program to catch SU Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  23. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Sov. bomber able to hit US US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb US space program to catch SU Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  24. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: US space program to catch SU Scares each side away from intentional aggression US develops H-bomb by 1952 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  25. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: US space program to catch SU Scares each side away from intentional aggression US develops H-bomb by 1952 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  26. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: US space program to catch SU Scares each side away from intentional aggression US develops H-bomb by 1952 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  27. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Sov. bomber able to hit US Scares each side away from intentional aggression US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb US space program to catch SU Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  28. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Sov. bomber able to hit US Scares each side away from intentional aggression US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  29. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) Anti nuclear protests in West US develops H-bomb by 1952 SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority SU develops A-bomb by 1949 Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb Scares each side away from intentional aggression Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  30. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  31. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  32. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  33. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  34. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  35. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  36. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  37. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  38. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  39. FC.144 THE NUCLEAR ARMS RACE (1945-2001) Scares each side away from intentional aggression Human or mech. error could  Destr. of civiliz. Growing threat & fear of nuclear war in 1950s as seen in: Sov. bomber able to hit US Anti nuclear protests in West Sov’s dev. ICBMs & launch Sputnik US reacts more to fear of Sov. nucl. superiority than to fear of nucl. war: US space program to catch SU Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD): nuclear strategy of inflicting total destr. on aggressor  US develops H-bomb by 1952 Tensions over Cuba nearly trigger nuclear war (1962) SU develops A-bomb by 1949 US spy flights Get caught (1960) Huge Sov. nucl. tests to cover its nucl. inferiority Growing strain on US & Sov. Econ’s Both sides work on much more destructive H-bomb EFFORTS BY BOTH SIDES TO AVOID NUCLEAR WAR: • Hot line to ensure better communications during crisis (1962) • Test Ban Treaty outlawing atmospheric tests (1963) • Nuclear non proliferation treaty to stop spread of Nukes (1968) • SALT I Treaty limiting number of new weapons (1972) • SALT II Treaty  New cap on number of new weapons (1979) • INF (Intermediate Nucl. Forces) Treaty eliminates many missiles, esp. in Eur. (1987) • START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Tr.) cut #Nukes from 23,500  15,400 (1991) • START II Eliminated land based MIRV’s (Multiple Indep. Re-entry Vehicles) (1993) • Agreement to cut # of US & Russian warheads to under 2000 each (2001) SU develops H-bomb by 1953 Cont. dev. of more powerful nukes Stalin’s rule in E. Eur. (FC.138) West reacts vs. Stalin (FC.138) Other side fearful of 1st side  Develops new weapons One side fearful of other side  Develops new weapons Sov. Espionage in US (FC.140) US has A-bomb (FC.137) Criticized for being soft on Commun.  Ike raises defense budgets Stress science & math in US educ.

  40. The Trinity test (July, 1945)

  41. The Trinity test (July, 1945)

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