Grade 10 Chemistry  Cluster 2 – Chemistry in Action

1. Grade 10 Chemistry  Cluster 2 – Chemistry in Action Cultural and Historical Applications of Acid Chemistry

2. Manitoba Curriculum Outcomes • Cluster 0- Overall Skills and Attitudes • S2-0-8d Describe examples of how technologies have evolved in response to changing needs and scientific advances • S2-0-8e Discuss how peoples of various cultures have contributed to the development of science and technology. • S2-0-9a Appreciate and respect that science and technology have evolved from different views held by women and men from a variety of societies and cultural backgrounds. • Cluster 4 – Chemistry in Action • S2-2-09 Discuss the occurrence of acids and bases in biological systems, industrial processes, and domestic applications. • Purpose & Intent - The goal of this lesson is to : • 1. reveal a variety of cultural or historical views of the understanding of acids and bases . • 2. challenge students to critically think, read, and write in the field of chemistry.

3. Lesson Overview • Teacher Notes • Teachers should adjust and adapt the information and discussion questions in order to challenge their specific students to think, read, write, and discuss the relevant issues. As the main goal of this lesson is to reveal a variety of historical and/or cultural views of acid chemistry teachers should avoid focusing on the details of chemical formulas of acid chemistry. The presentations lack of scientific content is an intended omission. • students often learn science from one perspective only, not realizing that the evidence-theory connection of all science is evident in the thoughtful and purposeful thinking of all cultures. • Science must be presented in a manner that honors the thoughtful reasoning evident in all peoples. This is just not affirming the cultural diversity of the marginalized, but also helping the dominant culture to realize that other cultures are equally able to reason. • Last two points: Adapted from Prof. Elizabeth McKinley (University of Auckland)

4. Lesson Structure • The lesson includes TWO examples of how acids and bases have been thoughtfully understood and/or utilized in a variety of cultures and traditional belief systems • 1. Acidic Lichen in the lives of the Inuvialuit & Gwichin of Northern NWT &Yukon • 2. How acidity may provide a clue as to the health benefits of the traditional Chinese diet?

5. Acid Chemistry and the Inuvialuit & Gwichin of Northern NWT &Yukon Caribou and Lichen

7. Hallway of Aklavik School NOTE: Caribou have been, and continue to be, central to the lives of the people of Aklavik

8. Inuvialuit & Gwichin of Northern NWT &Yukon • Recognized that the migration route of caribou followed mountain valleys and corridors. • Migration of caribou is influenced by lichen abundance. • One lichen today is called caribou ‘moss’ – Cladina rangiferina

9. What does all this have to do with Acids? • 1. Migration of Caribou • Lichens are very acidic and most are not consumable • Cladina rangiferina is not as acidic as other lichens and therefore palatable for caribou • Migration of Caribou are determined by the growing seasons of the Cladina rangiferina

10. Yukon & NWT has TONS of lichens but not all ‘preferred’ Hard to distinguish between them by appearance Not as ‘preferred’ by caribou ‘most preferred’ by caribou

11. What does all this have to do with Acids? • 2. Colorant for clothes • Acidic stomach contents of caribou (with lichen) used to alter colours of plants for dyes – dark to light colours • Plant dyes behave like indicators • “soapberries” used to alter colour of plants • - especially flowers - for dyes- light to dark colours

12. Example of Colorants BUT…when certain material behave like indicators and turn yellow in the presence of an acid of a specific pH (lichen contents of caribou stomach) This color is not found anywhere in nature in Yukon & NWT

13. Traditional Chinese Medicine Yin and Yang of Fad Diets?

14. Yin and Yang foods • Traditional Chinese beliefs include two opposing principles Yin and Yang which regulate life • this extends and influences many Asian diets as there is a belief that some foods are Hot (yang) or Cold (yin) • It is believed that these foods (Hot/yang & Cold/yin) need to be consumed in balance for a healthy diet

15. COLD FOODS • believed to cool body heat and reduce tension • Many vegetables • HOT FOODS • believed to raise body heat and create tension • Beef, chicken, eggs, mutton

16. Neutral foods • are believed to contain equal parts yin and yang and therefore neither reduce or increase body temperature • Brown rice, wheat, beans, some kinds of nuts

17. Traditional Chinese Medicine • Recent studies in diet have aimed to investigate the scientific merit of the traditional Hot/Cold Chinese diet. • Some recent studies have found that many: • hot foods are “acid forming” foods and result in lower internal pH of the body (detected in urine samples) • As a result minerals from bones leach into the body to act as a buffer to control acidity contributing to Osteoporosis • Lower internal pH has been linked to many other diseases • Breast cancer, high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, etc • cold foods are “alkaline forming” foods and contribute to a more alkaline internal pH • An alkaline internal pH reduces risk of many diseases

18. Conclusion – links between Traditional Chinese Medicine and recent science research • it is accepted that human health is dependant on an internal acid-base balance • therefore there is growing interest and support for further research regarding the Hot/Cold diet • Example  how it is correlated with acid forming and alkaline forming foods • other aspects of traditional Chinese medicine are also becoming the focus of increasing research

19. Discussion Questions & Extension Activities • Acid Chemistry and the Inuvialuit & Gwichin of Northern NWT &Yukon • Note how the role of the lichen in the migration of the caribou and the uses of the lichen as a colorant is solely based upon its specific acidic properties. • Research to find how other cultures have made sense, applied, or utilized acids and/or bases. • Example How Aboriginal peoples found a treatment for scurvy (using ascorbic acid) • Yin and Yang of Fad Diets? • Many immigrants of Asian decent may still understand or integrate principles of Hot and Cold foods into their personal diets. Find and interview some of these people to give you a fuller understanding. • Note: Remember it is only current research that is showing a possible link between acid/alkaline forming foods and Hot/Cold foods. Most of these people will not explain or discuss their diets using acid/alkaline terminology or understanding. • Research the “Mediterranean diet” which is commonly regarded to be one of the healthiest diets in the world. What principles about the Mediterranean diet are in sync with concepts discussed in this presentation?