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Daily Review #5

Daily Review #5. Make the following conversions: 5.4 m = ? km 0.87 kg = ? mg 2.04 cL = ? mL What are 3 pieces of evidence to support the Big Bang theory? How would you know if a spectrum is red-shifted and what would it mean about that object?

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Daily Review #5

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  1. Daily Review #5 • Make the following conversions: 5.4 m = ? km 0.87 kg = ? mg 2.04 cL = ? mL • What are 3 pieces of evidence to support the Big Bang theory? • How would you know if a spectrum is red-shifted and what would it mean about that object? • What are some things you have heard are in space that you are unsure of or have questions on?

  2. What is Space? • Not really empty • Stars, planets, etc. • Interstellar medium • Dust and Gas • Nebulas Orion Nebula http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/pr1995044a/ Large Magellanic Cloud http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/pr2006055a/

  3. Nebular Hypothesis • Random collisions of atoms • Areas of growing mass • Spherical shape • Pull in more matter • Increase in • Temperature • Pressure • Spin - creates a bulge in the sphere http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/BrauImNew/Chap06/FG06_17.jpg

  4. Nuclear Fusion • Eventually…. • High temperatures • 2 particles become 1 • Releases a lot of energy • Particle accelerators • Man-made • Create new elements • Find smallest particles • Recreating the early universe conditions http://www.universetoday.com/52696/nuclear-fusion-power-closer-to-reality-say-two-separate-teams/ Fermi National Lab http://www.wired.com/playbook/2012/08/olympics-physics-hammer-throw/

  5. Color and Temperature • Objects give off a variety of light • Peak depends on temperature • Peak shows most common type of light http://docs.kde.org/stable/en/kdeedu/kstars/ai-colorandtemp.html

  6. H-R Diagram • White dwarfs • Red giants • Red supergiants • Blue giants http://www.rootstown.sparcc.org/mattjust/h-r-diagram

  7. How do we know how far away that is? • Parallax effect • Compare distant stars to nearby stars • Measure shift as Earth orbits the Sun • Calculate the distance • Further away = less of a shift • Better technology = see smaller shifts = measure larger distances http://lifeng.lamost.org/courses/astrotoday/CHAISSON/AT301/HTML/AT30105.HTM

  8. Looking Back in Time • If a star is 10 light years away • How old is the light we see today? • Is that star still there today? • If an alien is on a planet 10 million light years away • If they could see with the Earth with great detail, what would they see right now? • When we observe light from a star 2 billion light years away….what does that mean? http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1214c/

  9. Daily Review #6 • Quiz – • Quiet until everyone is done • Eyes on own paper • Turn in when finished • Bring me your binder if you didn’t have it set up last time • What are the differences in the types of stars? • How are all stars the same?

  10. Main Sequence Stars • Wide variety • Highest # of stars • Actively fusing hydrogen into helium • Outward pressure from fusion • Inward pressure from gravity • Equal in these stars • Maintain size http://science.howstuffworks.com/sun.htm http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/the-science-of-the-supernova/

  11. What happens to our Sun? • Form red giants • Fusing helium • Core collapsing • Outer layers spread out • Cools http://flightline.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/media/2paths.jpg http://www.physics.uc.edu/~hanson/ASTRO/LECTURENOTES/StarLife/Page7.html

  12. What then? • Forms a white dwarf • Ran out of helium • No more fusion • Outer gasses moving away • Planetary nebula • Leaves a hot, dense core http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/white_dwarfs.html Ring Nebula http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/planetary/pr2004032d/ Cat’s Eye Nebula http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/planetary/pr2004027a/

  13. What about the fate of larger stars? • Become red supergiants • Fuse elements larger than helium • All the way to iron • Short lives • Supernova • No more fusion • Core violently explodes • Fuses heavier atoms • Very bright, short time • Spreads out material http://flightline.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/media/2paths.jpg http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/supernova_remnant/pr2005037a/

  14. What then? • Forms a neutron star • If a lower mass core • Very dense • Not very big • Lots of gravity • Can produce gamma and x-rays when it pulls items into it Neutron star in supernova Cassiopeia A http://www.space-pictures.com/view/pictures-of-space/pictures-of-stars/neutron-star/index.php http://www.clccharter.org/maya1/Supernova/supernova.html

  15. Or… • Forms a black hole • Higher mass cores • Infinitely dense • Need to travel faster than the speed of light to escape • How can we see? • Will bend light from nearby stars • See dust and gas swirling around • Hot enough to give off x-rays • Probably at the center of most galaxies • Including ours! • Video http://www.space.com/15421-black-holes-facts-formation-discovery-sdcmp.html Whirlpool Galaxy http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/pr2001010a/

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