Exploration and the Colonial Era: Early British Colonies, Indentured Servants, Puritans, Dutch Settlement, William Penn,

1. Chapter 1 Exploration and the Colonial Era

2. Early British Colonies • 1607 • Jamestown, Virginia • First permanent English settlement in America • John Smith • Period of struggle until settlers grew tobacco and exported to Europe

4. See History Channel video“Jamestown”

5. Indentured Servants • Hired to work plantations • Worked for a few years and then trip to America was paid • Highest concentration was in the Chesapeake region of colonies

6. Future American Colonization • Puritans: Protestant group; wanted to purify Church of England of any Catholicism • Often punished in England • 1620-Mayflower-Puritans sailed to America; settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts • Came for religious freedom • See Video “Mayflower Deconstructed”

7. Continued • 1630-Massachusetts Bay Colony founded • John Winthrop-first governor • Strict religious atmosphere • Dissenters harshly punished • Ex: Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams

8. “Crash Course”-Quakers, the Dutch and the Ladies

9. Dutch Settlement • Established first colony in New Netherlands (New York) in 1621 • New Amsterdam (New York City) • Gained wealth by trading with Native Americans for fur • Religious tolerance; welcomed all ethnic groups • 1644-English seized the colony

10. William Penn • Quaker that started Pennsylvania • Wanted safe place for Quakers • Many other groups settled there also • Most advertised colony

11. By 1732, there were 13 British colonies

13. Mercantilism • Theory and system of political economy prevailing in Europe after decline of feudalism • Accumulation of gold • Establish colonies • Develop industry and mining to attain favorable balance of trade

17. Conditions in Colonies • Some self-government • Governors appointed by British monarchy • Voting rights based on male land ownership

18. Development of Colonies • Southern • Based on farming-indigo, tobacco, and rice farms • Some plantations • Large land owners dominated the economy and society • Planters used slaves as workers

19. Continued • Middle and New England • Economy based on small farms • Manufacturing and trade • Merchants grew wealthy and had power in society • Slavery existed in North, but not widespread

20. Colonists Begin To Question • The Enlightenment-1700’s • Valued science and reason • Writers stressed importance of natural rights of individuals • Science weakened authority of church • Began in Europe; spread to the colonies • Benjamin Franklin, John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Hobbes, Rousseau, Newton

21. Continued • Great Awakening • Strong revival of deep religious feeling in 1730’s and 1740’s • Emphasized personal aspects of religion and relationship with God • Weakened authority of church • Jonathan Edwards, George Whitfield

22. Conflict Between England and France • French settled in Great Lakes region, eastern Canada, and upper Mississippi River region

24. French and Indian War • Also known as Seven Years War • 1754-1763 • French defeated and surrendered most of its North American claims • Proclamation of 1763-British banned colonial settlement west of Appalachian Mountains to prevent attacks from Native Americans • Disregarded by most colonists