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New Directions in Human-Computer Interaction Abigail Sellen. SOCIAL SCIENCE. DESIGN. TECHNOLOGY. Abigail Sellen. Richard Harper. Alex Taylor. Richard Banks. Tim Regan. Shahram Izadi. Stuart Taylor. PhD Scholarship: Abi Durrant. Interns: Lucia Terrenghi, Maryam Tohidi,
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SOCIAL SCIENCE DESIGN TECHNOLOGY Abigail Sellen Richard Harper Alex Taylor Richard Banks Tim Regan Shahram Izadi StuartTaylor PhD Scholarship: Abi Durrant Interns: Lucia Terrenghi, Maryam Tohidi, Susan Wyche Dave Kirk Yang Wang Dynal Patel Consultants: Bill Buxton, William Newman, JoFish Kaye
Deeper understandings Probes New technology concepts Prototypes Technological advancements Publications
The past: The era of “HCI” • Users as information processors • Dominance of cognitive psychology and engineering for modelling behaviour USERS At the desktop both literally and metaphorically TECHNOLOGY • To model users and system behaviour so as to maximize productivity and efficiency in the office GOAL
The user as a computer “The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction” (1983). Card, Moran and Newell
The present: The “mobile”, “pervasive” and “ubicomp” era • Users as players in a bigger system • As entities whose activities can be modelled, • predicted, sensed and augmented USERS • Everywhere and anywhere (mobile, pervasive, ubiquitous) • Converging • Smart environments TECHNOLOGY • To model user and system behaviour so as to maximize • productivity and efficiency anytime, anyplace • To make users more effective through intelligent • environments and tools GOAL
The user as a component in a complex system
But where has that got us? User understanding • The user as information processor takes us a significant way forward • Focus on usability Technologies • That have successfully removed many of the problems of human-machine interaction • New opportunities by dissolving space-time boundaries But we need new impetus to drive research and fuel imagination We need new assumptions, a new agenda….
Users OLD NEW Understanding users in machine terms Users can be modelled, predicted and sensed Users as part of a pre-defined system • Understanding users in human terms • Users are active creators of • their own experiences • Users as part of complex, pre-existing ecologies • These are social and cultural matters as well as cognitive and engineering matters
Technology OLD NEW Place-less Place agnostic Networked Convergence • Place-ness • Situated • Ecological • Divergence • An interdisciplinary approach means new design goals
Goals OLD NEW • To maximize the productivity and efficiency of human-technical systems • To make users more effective through intelligent environments and technologies • To provide diversity of experience through good design, a sensitivity to place, and an understanding of human values • To offer tools as resources for intelligence and creative expression • Social, cognitive, technical and design disciplines are equal partners at the table
Some Examples • USERS • Broader, richer concept of the user (as an intelligent, social and even moral being!) • TECHNOLOGIES: Diversity of experience • Through physical form • Sensitivity to place
Some Examples • USERS • Broader, richer concept of the user (as an intelligent, social and even moral being!) • TECHNOLOGIES: Diversity of experience • Through physical form • Sensitivity to place
Functional uses of HomeNote awareness & reassurance conveying information calls for action reminders & info storage
A broader concept of the user affection wonder identity
Some Examples • USERS • Broader, richer concept of the user (as an intelligent, social and even moral being!) • TECHNOLOGIES: Diversity of experience • Through physical form • Sensitivity to place
Some Examples • USERS • Broader, richer concept of the user (as an intelligent, social and even moral being!) • TECHNOLOGIES: Diversity of experience • Through physical form • Sensitivity to place
Diversity through physical form PC Cellphone PDA Laptop
Diversity through physical form clocks bowls magnets shoeboxes
Some Examples • USERS • Broader, richer concept of the user (as an intelligent, social and even moral being!) • TECHNOLOGIES: Diversity of experience • Through physical form • Sensitivity to place
Some Examples • USERS • Broader, richer concept of the user (as an intelligent, social and even moral being!) • TECHNOLOGIES: Diversity of experience • Through physical form • Sensitivity to place
Designing for place mantelpiece kitchen
Designing for place mantelpiece
Designing for place mantelpiece kitchen
Designing for place kitchen
Designing for place kitchen
Conclusions • Working in research can be just as much about the human experience as about the technology • Building prototypes can help deepen our understanding of this experience • Can also lead to new concepts, and new products • Must be achieved through partnership of technology, social science and design