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RACE AND ETHNICITY

RACE AND ETHNICITY. RACE Biological characteristic that is common to a given group of people that society deems socially significant. Reality --humans come in different colors and shapes. Myth -- because there are no pure races.

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RACE AND ETHNICITY

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  1. RACE AND ETHNICITY RACE • Biological characteristic that is common to a given group of people that society deems socially significant. • Reality --humans come in different colors and shapes

  2. Myth -- because there are no pure races. • Race is therefore socially constructed in order to rank people in a hierarchy. Ethnicity • refers to cultural characteristics that distinguish people.

  3. Minority -- group of people who are singled out for unequal treatment. They are not necessarily numerical minority. • The group that does the discrimination is known as the dominant group -- have more power, privilege, and social status.

  4. Prejudice • Is a rigid positive or negative opinion about a category of people based on real or imagined characteristics. • Stereotypes -- prejudicial views of some category of people. • Racism -- belief that one racial group is superior or inferior to another.

  5. Discrimination • Involves treating certain categories of people unequally. Can be positive or negative. • Institutional discrimination -- refers to bias in attitude that is inherent in the operation of an institution.

  6. Robert Merton -- prejudice and discrimination may combine in four ways a) Active bigotry b) Timid bigotry c) Fair-weather liberalism d) All-weather liberalism

  7. Interaction between Majority and Minority • Pluralism --- racial and ethnic minorities are distinct, but are equal. • Genocide -- the dominant group tries to destroy the minority. • Segregation -- dominant group structures social institutions to maintain minimal contact with the minority.

  8. Assimilation -- The dominant group absorbs the minority. • Internal colonialism -- the dominant group exploits the minority. • Miscegenation (amalgamation) -- racial interbreeding. • Hypersegregation -- formation of socially isolated minority ghettoes.

  9. THEORIES OF PREJUDICE • Why are people prejudiced? • Eugene Hartley (1946) prejudice research found that: a) People prejudiced against one racial or ethnic group tend to be prejudiced against other groups. b) Prejudice does not depend on negative experience with others.

  10. Psychological Theories • Frustration and Scapegoat. In 1939, psychologist John Dollard suggested that prejudice is the result of frustration. • The authoritarian Personality theory by Theodore Adorno. Sees prejudice as a personality-level trait.

  11. Sociological Theories • Structural Functionalism -- Prejudice is functional in that it creates in-group solidarity and out-group antagonism. • Social Conflict theory -- focuses on competition and the ability of some group to exploit others. • Symbolic interactionism--examines how perception and labels produce prejudice.

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