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HYDROLOGY & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 10CV55

HYDROLOGY & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 10CV55. PART-A HYDROLOGY. INTRODUCTION. HYDROLOGY ‘Hydro’ means Water ‘Logy’ means Science Hence Hydrology means the science of water. Definition:

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HYDROLOGY & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 10CV55

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  1. HYDROLOGY & IRRIGATION ENGINEERING 10CV55

  2. PART-AHYDROLOGY

  3. INTRODUCTION • HYDROLOGY ‘Hydro’ means Water ‘Logy’ means Science Hence Hydrology means the science of water. Definition: It is the science that deals with the occurrence ,circulation and distribution of water of the earth and earths atmosphere.

  4. Hydrology concerned with: • Water in streams & lakes • Rainfall & snow fall • Snow & ice on the land • Water occurring below the earths surface in pores of the soil & rocks.

  5. It is a very broad subject of an inter disciplinary nature drawing support from allied sciences such as: • Meteorology • Geology • Statistics • Chemistry • Physics • Fluid mechanics

  6. Classification: • Scientific Hydrology:A study concerned with academic aspects. • Engineering or applied hydrology: A study concerned with engineering applications. It deals with (i) Estimation of water resources. (ii)The study of processes such as precipitation,runoff,evapotranspiration and their interaction. (iii) Study of problems such as floods and droughts & strategies to combat them

  7. HYDROLOGIC CYCLE • Water occurs on the earth in all its three states i.e. liquid, solid and gaseous and in various degrees of motion. • Evaporation water from water bodies, such as oceans, and lakes ,formation & movement of cloud, rain and snow fall, stream flow & GW movement are some example of the dynamic aspects of water. • The various aspects of water related to the earth can be explained in terms of a cycle known as the hydrologic cycle.

  8. SUN HYDROLOGIC CYCLE

  9. COMPONENTS OF HYDROLOGIC CYCLE TRANSPORTATION COMPONENTS STORAGE COMPONENTS • Precipitation • Evaporation • Transpiration • Infiltration • Run off • Storage on land surface (Depression storage, Ponds, Lakes,Reservoirs,etc..) • Soil moisture storage • Ground water storage

  10. Water budget equation • The quantities of water going through various individual paths of the hydrologic cycle is in a given system can be described by the continuity principle known aswater budget equation or hydrologic equation.

  11. Water budget equation contd…. For a given catchment area, in an interval of time Δt, the continuity equation for water in its various phases is written as; Mass inflow – Mass out flow = change in mass storage Vi – Vo = ΔS P- (R+G+E+T) = ΔS P- R - G – E -T = ΔS -------(1) P=precipitation ,R= Surface run off G=net ground water flow out of the catchment E= evaporation, T= transpiration , ΔS=change in storage

  12. Water budget equation contd…. The storage S consists of three components as S = Ss + S sm + Sg Where , Ss = Surface water storage S sm = water in storage as soil moisture Sg = water in storage as ground water Thus, ΔS = ΔSs + ΔSsm + ΔSg All terms in eqt.(1) have the dimensions of volume (m3) . Note: Commonly expressed as depth over the catchment area.(cm) Interns of rainfall –runoff relationship eqt(1) can be represented as ,

  13. Water budget equation contd…. Interns of rainfall - runoff relationship eqt(1) can be represented as , R = P - G - E -T - ΔS Or R = P- L Where , L = Losses = water not available to runoff due to infiltration, evaporation ,transpiration & surface storage. Assumption: the net import of water into the catchment from out side sources ,by action of man is zero.

  14. Horton's Representation

  15. Thank you

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