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Mesopotamia

Mesopotamia. From City-States to Gilgamesh. Essential Questions. How did environment affect the early Mesopotamian civilizations, including culture and technology? How did the Mesopotamian system of city-states affect technology, culture, and modern Middle East relations ?

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Mesopotamia

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  1. Mesopotamia From City-States to Gilgamesh

  2. Essential Questions • How did environment affect the early Mesopotamian civilizations, including culture and technology? • How did the Mesopotamian system of city-states affect technology, culture, and modern Middle East relations ? • How do city-states relate to Civilization?

  3. Mesopotamia • Land between the rivers (Tigris and Euphrates) • “Fertile Crescent” • Modern day Iraq • Sumer – *1stCivilization

  4. The Rise of City-States • City-state = a city with political and economic control over the surrounding area • Huh? • In English = small like a city but has own government, military, economy, and identity (not part of a state or country) • Eridu, Ur, Uruk

  5. Building of city-states • Walled cities (made of mud brick) • Why mud brick? • Close to water • Euphrates flooded • Explanation • Angry gods • How do you appease them?

  6. Ziggurats • Physical, economic, political, and spiritual center of city-state • Top of ziggurat was a temple • Gods and Goddesses in complete control • Allowed mortals power (kingship was divine (theocracy = gov’t by divine authority) • Uruk dedicated to Ishtar

  7. Accomodated Farming • Economy based chiefly on farming until… • Trade and industry develop…leads to • Development of technology such as… • Wheel (Wheeled carts for easier transportation) and… • Advanced weapons which leads to… • Warfare and competition

  8. Slavery • Very common in ancient world (agriculture-based societies) • NOT racially based • In Sumer slaves 1 of 3 social classes • Nobles (kings, priests, priestesses) • Commoners

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